Keyword: time factors
2018 (1)
Joint Effects of Age, Period, and Cohort on Conduct Problems Among American Adolescents From 1991 Through 2015. Keyes, K. M., Gary, D. S., Beardslee, J., Prins, S. J., O'Malley, P. M., Rutherford, C., & Schulenberg, J. American Journal of Epidemiology, 187(3):548–557, March, 2018. tex.ids= keyesJointEffectsAge2018
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Although arrest rates among juveniles have substantially decreased since the 1990s, US national trends in conduct problems are unknown. Population variation in conduct problems would imply changes in the social environment, which would include emergent or receding risk factors. In the present study, we separated age, period, and cohort effects on conduct problems using nationally representative surveys of 375,879 US students conducted annually (1991-2015). The summed score of 7 items measuring the frequency of conduct problems was the outcome. Conduct problems have decreased during the past 25 years among boys; the total amount of the decrease was approximately 0.4 standard deviations (P \textless 0.01), and by item prevalence, the total amount of the decrease was 8%-11%. Declines are best explained by period effects beginning approximately in 2008, and a declining cohort effect beginning among those born after 1992, which suggests not only declines in population levels, but more rapid declines among younger cohorts of boys. Trends were also consistent with age-period-cohort effects on evenings spent out, which suggest a possible mechanism. Conduct problems among girls were lower than boys and did not demonstrate trends across time. These changes may reflect the changing nature of adolescence toward less unsupervised interaction.
@article{keyes_joint_2018,
title = {Joint {Effects} of {Age}, {Period}, and {Cohort} on {Conduct} {Problems} {Among} {American} {Adolescents} {From} 1991 {Through} 2015},
volume = {187},
issn = {1476-6256},
doi = {10.1093/aje/kwx268},
abstract = {Although arrest rates among juveniles have substantially decreased since the 1990s, US national trends in conduct problems are unknown. Population variation in conduct problems would imply changes in the social environment, which would include emergent or receding risk factors. In the present study, we separated age, period, and cohort effects on conduct problems using nationally representative surveys of 375,879 US students conducted annually (1991-2015). The summed score of 7 items measuring the frequency of conduct problems was the outcome. Conduct problems have decreased during the past 25 years among boys; the total amount of the decrease was approximately 0.4 standard deviations (P {\textless} 0.01), and by item prevalence, the total amount of the decrease was 8\%-11\%. Declines are best explained by period effects beginning approximately in 2008, and a declining cohort effect beginning among those born after 1992, which suggests not only declines in population levels, but more rapid declines among younger cohorts of boys. Trends were also consistent with age-period-cohort effects on evenings spent out, which suggest a possible mechanism. Conduct problems among girls were lower than boys and did not demonstrate trends across time. These changes may reflect the changing nature of adolescence toward less unsupervised interaction.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
author = {Keyes, Katherine M. and Gary, Dahsan S. and Beardslee, Jordan and Prins, Seth J. and O'Malley, Patrick M. and Rutherford, Caroline and Schulenberg, John},
month = mar,
year = {2018},
pmcid = {PMC5860025},
pmid = {28679165},
note = {tex.ids= keyesJointEffectsAge2018},
keywords = {Adolescent, Age Factors, Cohort Studies, Conduct Disorder, Female, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Male, Monitoring the Future, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States, adolescents, age-period-cohort effects, conduct problems},
pages = {548--557},
}2017 (2)
Effect of Addition of a Statin to Warfarin on Thromboembolic Events in Japanese Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Diabetes Mellitus. Kumagai, N., Nusser, J. A., Inoue, H., Okumura, K., Yamashita, T., Kubo, T., Kitaoka, H., Origasa, H., Atarashi, H., & J-RHYTHM Registry Investigators The American Journal of Cardiology, 120(2):230–235, July, 2017.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Statins have been shown to decrease stroke risk in patients with cardiovascular risk factors but not to prevent recurrence of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The present subanalysis aimed to clarify the efficacy of combined use of warfarin and statins in patients with nonvalvular AF (NVAF) with coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), or hypertension. The effects of adding statins to warfarin were compared with those of warfarin alone in patients with NVAF with the data set of J-RHYTHM Registry, a prospective, observational study with a 2-year follow-up. End points included thromboembolism, major hemorrhage, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. Of 7,406 patients with NVAF and follow-up data, 6,404 patients received warfarin at baseline. Of these, 1,605 patients also received a statin. Patients in the warfarin plus statin group showed significantly lower all-cause mortality compared with those on warfarin alone (hazard ratio [HR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38 to 0.87, p = 0.0089), although thromboembolic event rates did not differ significantly (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.20, p = 0.21). In contrast, in 1,223 patients with DM, the warfarin plus statin group showed significantly lower thromboembolic event rates than the warfarin-alone group (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.96, p = 0.041). Interestingly, in patients with coronary artery disease or with hypertension, the addition of statin to warfarin did not decrease the frequency of thromboembolic events. In conclusion, in Japanese patients with NVAF with DM, a combination of warfarin and a statin could be clinically beneficial for preventing thromboembolic events.
@article{kumagai_effect_2017,
title = {Effect of {Addition} of a {Statin} to {Warfarin} on {Thromboembolic} {Events} in {Japanese} {Patients} {With} {Nonvalvular} {Atrial} {Fibrillation} and {Diabetes} {Mellitus}},
volume = {120},
issn = {1879-1913},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.04.011},
abstract = {Statins have been shown to decrease stroke risk in patients with cardiovascular risk factors but not to prevent recurrence of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The present subanalysis aimed to clarify the efficacy of combined use of warfarin and statins in patients with nonvalvular AF (NVAF) with coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), or hypertension. The effects of adding statins to warfarin were compared with those of warfarin alone in patients with NVAF with the data set of J-RHYTHM Registry, a prospective, observational study with a 2-year follow-up. End points included thromboembolism, major hemorrhage, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. Of 7,406 patients with NVAF and follow-up data, 6,404 patients received warfarin at baseline. Of these, 1,605 patients also received a statin. Patients in the warfarin plus statin group showed significantly lower all-cause mortality compared with those on warfarin alone (hazard ratio [HR] 0.57, 95\% confidence interval [CI] 0.38 to 0.87, p = 0.0089), although thromboembolic event rates did not differ significantly (HR 0.73, 95\% CI 0.44 to 1.20, p = 0.21). In contrast, in 1,223 patients with DM, the warfarin plus statin group showed significantly lower thromboembolic event rates than the warfarin-alone group (HR 0.33, 95\% CI 0.11 to 0.96, p = 0.041). Interestingly, in patients with coronary artery disease or with hypertension, the addition of statin to warfarin did not decrease the frequency of thromboembolic events. In conclusion, in Japanese patients with NVAF with DM, a combination of warfarin and a statin could be clinically beneficial for preventing thromboembolic events.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology},
author = {Kumagai, Naoko and Nusser, John A. and Inoue, Hiroshi and Okumura, Ken and Yamashita, Takeshi and Kubo, Toru and Kitaoka, Hiroaki and Origasa, Hideki and Atarashi, Hirotsugu and {J-RHYTHM Registry Investigators}},
month = jul,
year = {2017},
pmid = {28532776},
keywords = {Aged, Anticoagulants, Atrial fibrillation, Cause of Death, Diabetes Mellitus, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Incidence, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Registries, Risk Factors, Survival Rate, Thromboembolism, Time Factors, Warfarin},
pages = {230--235}
}Topical and low-dose intravenous tranexamic acid in cyanotic cardiac surgery. Patel, J., Prajapati, M., Patel, H., Gandhi, H., Deodhar, S., & Pandya, H. Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals, 25(2):118--122, 2017. Patel, Jigar. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Prajapati, Mrugesh. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Patel, Hardik. 2 Department of Medical Officer, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Gandhi, Hemang. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Deodhar, Shilpa. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Pandya, Himani. 3 Department of Research, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Background Coagulopathy is a major problem in surgery for cyanotic congenital heart disease. Tranexamic acid has been used both topically and systemically and plays a vital role in pediatric cardiac surgery by reducing blood loss and blood product requirement. We aimed to determine the anti-fibrinolytic effectiveness of low-dose systemic or topical tranexamic acid or a combination of both. Methods Seventy-five patients were divided in 3 groups of 25. Group A patients were given tranexamic acid 20mgkg-1 intravenously after sternotomy and 20mgkg-1 after heparin reversal. Group B patients were given tranexamic acid 50mgkg-1 in 20mL of saline intrapericardially before sternal closure, with the drain clamped for 20min. Group C patients were given tranexamic acid 20mgkg-1 intravenously after sternotomy and 50mgkg-1 intrapericardially before sternal closure. A number of clinical variables were recorded in the first 3 postoperative days. Ventilator time, intensive care unit stay, and outcome were also recorded. Results Chest tube drainage and blood product requirements were lowest in group C. Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were higher in groups A and C ( p\textless0.05). Intensive care unit stay and ventilator time were similar in all 3 groups. No patient died and none had a seizure or other neurological event or thromboembolic complication postoperatively. Conclusion The combination of low-dose intravenous and topical tranexamic acid reduces postoperative blood loss and blood product requirement without incurring neurological, renal or thromboembolic complications. We recommend the routine use of topical and low-dose systemic tranexamic acid in cyanotic pediatric cardiac surgery.
@article{patel_topical_2017,
title = {Topical and low-dose intravenous tranexamic acid in cyanotic cardiac surgery.},
volume = {25},
issn = {1816-5370},
abstract = {Background Coagulopathy is a major problem in surgery for cyanotic congenital heart disease. Tranexamic acid has been used both topically and systemically and plays a vital role in pediatric cardiac surgery by reducing blood loss and blood product requirement. We aimed to determine the anti-fibrinolytic effectiveness of low-dose systemic or topical tranexamic acid or a combination of both. Methods Seventy-five patients were divided in 3 groups of 25. Group A patients were given tranexamic acid 20mgkg-1 intravenously after sternotomy and 20mgkg-1 after heparin reversal. Group B patients were given tranexamic acid 50mgkg-1 in 20mL of saline intrapericardially before sternal closure, with the drain clamped for 20min. Group C patients were given tranexamic acid 20mgkg-1 intravenously after sternotomy and 50mgkg-1 intrapericardially before sternal closure. A number of clinical variables were recorded in the first 3 postoperative days. Ventilator time, intensive care unit stay, and outcome were also recorded. Results Chest tube drainage and blood product requirements were lowest in group C. Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were higher in groups A and C ( p{\textless}0.05). Intensive care unit stay and ventilator time were similar in all 3 groups. No patient died and none had a seizure or other neurological event or thromboembolic complication postoperatively. Conclusion The combination of low-dose intravenous and topical tranexamic acid reduces postoperative blood loss and blood product requirement without incurring neurological, renal or thromboembolic complications. We recommend the routine use of topical and low-dose systemic tranexamic acid in cyanotic pediatric cardiac surgery.},
number = {2},
journal = {Asian cardiovascular \& thoracic annals},
author = {Patel, Jigar and Prajapati, Mrugesh and Patel, Hardik and Gandhi, Hemang and Deodhar, Shilpa and Pandya, Himani},
year = {2017},
note = {Patel, Jigar. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Prajapati, Mrugesh. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Patel, Hardik. 2 Department of Medical Officer, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Gandhi, Hemang. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Deodhar, Shilpa. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Pandya, Himani. 3 Department of Research, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.},
keywords = {*Antifibrinolytic Agents/ad [Administration \& Dosage], *Blood Coagulation/de [Drug Effects], *Cardiac Surgical Procedures, *Cyanosis/et [Etiology], *Fibrinolysis/de [Drug Effects], *Heart Defects, Congenital/dt [Drug Therapy], *Postoperative Hemorrhage/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Tranexamic Acid/ad [Administration \& Dosage], Administration, Intravenous, Administration, Topical, Antifibrinolytic Agents/ae [Adverse Effects], Cardiac Surgical Procedures/ae [Adverse Effects], Chest Tubes, Child, Child, Preschool, Cyanosis/bl [Blood], Cyanosis/di [Diagnosis], Double-Blind Method, Drainage/is [Instrumentation], Heart Defects, Congenital/bl [Blood], Heart Defects, Congenital/co [Complications], Heart Defects, Congenital/di [Diagnosis], Humans, Intensive Care Units, Postoperative Hemorrhage/et [Etiology], Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial, Time Factors, Tranexamic Acid/ae [Adverse Effects], adolescent, female, infant, length of stay, male, treatment outcome},
pages = {118--122}
}2016 (5)
Proteomic Analysis of the Spatio-temporal Based Molecular Kinetics of Acute Spinal Cord Injury Identifies a Time- and Segment-specific Window for Effective Tissue Repair. Devaux, S., Cizkova, D., Quanico, J., Franck, J., Nataf, S., Pays, L., Hauberg-Lotte, L., Maass, P., Kobarg, J. H., Kobeissy, F., Meriaux, C., Wisztorski, M., Slovinska, L., Blasko, J., Cigankova, V., Fournier, I., & Salzet, M. Mol Cell Proteomics, 15(8):2641–70, 2016.
![Proteomic Analysis of the Spatio-temporal Based Molecular Kinetics of Acute Spinal Cord Injury Identifies a Time- and Segment-specific Window for Effective Tissue Repair [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a major debilitating health issue with a direct socioeconomic burden on the public and private sectors worldwide. Although several studies have been conducted to identify the molecular progression of injury sequel due from the lesion site, still the exact underlying mechanisms and pathways of injury development have not been fully elucidated. In this work, based on OMICs, 3D matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging, cytokines arrays, confocal imaging we established for the first time that molecular and cellular processes occurring after SCI are altered between the lesion proximity, i.e. rostral and caudal segments nearby the lesion (R1-C1) whereas segments distant from R1-C1, i.e. R2-C2 and R3-C3 levels coexpressed factors implicated in neurogenesis. Delay in T regulators recruitment between R1 and C1 favor discrepancies between the two segments. This is also reinforced by presence of neurites outgrowth inhibitors in C1, absent in R1. Moreover, the presence of immunoglobulins (IgGs) in neurons at the lesion site at 3 days, validated by mass spectrometry, may present additional factor that contributes to limited regeneration. Treatment in vivo with anti-CD20 one hour after SCI did not improve locomotor function and decrease IgG expression. These results open the door of a novel view of the SCI treatment by considering the C1 as the therapeutic target.
@article{devaux_proteomic_2016,
title = {Proteomic {Analysis} of the {Spatio}-temporal {Based} {Molecular} {Kinetics} of {Acute} {Spinal} {Cord} {Injury} {Identifies} a {Time}- and {Segment}-specific {Window} for {Effective} {Tissue} {Repair}},
volume = {15},
issn = {1535-9484 (Electronic) 1535-9476 (Linking)},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27250205},
doi = {10.1074/mcp.M115.057794},
abstract = {Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a major debilitating health issue with a direct socioeconomic burden on the public and private sectors worldwide. Although several studies have been conducted to identify the molecular progression of injury sequel due from the lesion site, still the exact underlying mechanisms and pathways of injury development have not been fully elucidated. In this work, based on OMICs, 3D matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging, cytokines arrays, confocal imaging we established for the first time that molecular and cellular processes occurring after SCI are altered between the lesion proximity, i.e. rostral and caudal segments nearby the lesion (R1-C1) whereas segments distant from R1-C1, i.e. R2-C2 and R3-C3 levels coexpressed factors implicated in neurogenesis. Delay in T regulators recruitment between R1 and C1 favor discrepancies between the two segments. This is also reinforced by presence of neurites outgrowth inhibitors in C1, absent in R1. Moreover, the presence of immunoglobulins (IgGs) in neurons at the lesion site at 3 days, validated by mass spectrometry, may present additional factor that contributes to limited regeneration. Treatment in vivo with anti-CD20 one hour after SCI did not improve locomotor function and decrease IgG expression. These results open the door of a novel view of the SCI treatment by considering the C1 as the therapeutic target.},
number = {8},
journal = {Mol Cell Proteomics},
author = {Devaux, S. and Cizkova, D. and Quanico, J. and Franck, J. and Nataf, S. and Pays, L. and Hauberg-Lotte, L. and Maass, P. and Kobarg, J. H. and Kobeissy, F. and Meriaux, C. and Wisztorski, M. and Slovinska, L. and Blasko, J. and Cigankova, V. and Fournier, I. and Salzet, M.},
year = {2016},
keywords = {Animal, Animals, Biomarkers/*metabolism, Cytokines/*metabolism, Disease Models, Humans, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods, Protein Array Analysis, Protein Interaction Maps, Proteomics/*methods, Rats, Spectrometry, Spinal Cord Injuries/*metabolism, Time Factors},
pages = {2641--70},
}Dynamics of Urinary Calprotectin after Renal Ischaemia. Ebbing, J., Seibert, F. S., Pagonas, N., Bauer, F., Miller, K., Kempkensteffen, C., Gunzel, K., Bachmann, A., Seifert, H. H., Rentsch, C. A., Ardelt, P., Wetterauer, C., Amico, P., Babel, N., & Westhoff, T. H. PloS one, 11(1):e0146395, 2016.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Urinary calprotectin has been identified as a promising biomarker for acute kidney injury. To date, however, the time-dependent changes of this parameter during acute kidney injury remain elusive. The aim of the present work was to define the time-course of urinary calprotectin secretion after ischaemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury in comparison to neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, thereby monitoring the extent of tubular damage in nephron sparing surgery for kidney tumours. METHODS: The study population consisted of 42 patients. Thirty-two patients underwent either open or endoscopic nephron sparing surgery for kidney tumours. During the surgery, the renal arterial pedicle was clamped with a median ischaemic time of 13 minutes (interquartile range, 4.5-20.3 minutes) in 26 patients. Ten retro-peritoneoscopic living donor nephrectomy patients and 6 nephron sparing surgery patients in whom the renal artery was not clamped served as controls. Urinary calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations were repeatedly measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and assessed according to renal function parameters. RESULTS: Urinary concentrations of calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin increased significantly after ischaemia/reperfusion injury, whereas concentrations remained unchanged after nephron sparing surgery without ischaemia/reperfusion injury and after kidney donation. Calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels were significantly increased 2 and 8 hours, respectively, post-ischaemia. Both proteins reached maximal concentrations after 48 hours, followed by a subsequent persistent decrease. Maximal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and calprotectin concentrations were 9-fold and 69-fold higher than their respective baseline values. The glomerular filtration rate was only transiently impaired at the first post-operative day after ischaemia/reperfusion injury (p = 0.049). CONCLUSION: Calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin can be used to monitor clinical and sub-clinical tubular damage after nephron sparing surgery for kidney tumours. Urinary calprotectin concentrations start rising within 2 hours after ischaemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury.
@article{ebbing_dynamics_2016,
title = {Dynamics of {Urinary} {Calprotectin} after {Renal} {Ischaemia}.},
volume = {11},
issn = {1932-6203 1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0146395},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Urinary calprotectin has been identified as a promising biomarker for acute kidney injury. To date, however, the time-dependent changes of this parameter during acute kidney injury remain elusive. The aim of the present work was to define the time-course of urinary calprotectin secretion after ischaemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury in comparison to neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, thereby monitoring the extent of tubular damage in nephron sparing surgery for kidney tumours. METHODS: The study population consisted of 42 patients. Thirty-two patients underwent either open or endoscopic nephron sparing surgery for kidney tumours. During the surgery, the renal arterial pedicle was clamped with a median ischaemic time of 13 minutes (interquartile range, 4.5-20.3 minutes) in 26 patients. Ten retro-peritoneoscopic living donor nephrectomy patients and 6 nephron sparing surgery patients in whom the renal artery was not clamped served as controls. Urinary calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations were repeatedly measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and assessed according to renal function parameters. RESULTS: Urinary concentrations of calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin increased significantly after ischaemia/reperfusion injury, whereas concentrations remained unchanged after nephron sparing surgery without ischaemia/reperfusion injury and after kidney donation. Calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels were significantly increased 2 and 8 hours, respectively, post-ischaemia. Both proteins reached maximal concentrations after 48 hours, followed by a subsequent persistent decrease. Maximal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and calprotectin concentrations were 9-fold and 69-fold higher than their respective baseline values. The glomerular filtration rate was only transiently impaired at the first post-operative day after ischaemia/reperfusion injury (p = 0.049). CONCLUSION: Calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin can be used to monitor clinical and sub-clinical tubular damage after nephron sparing surgery for kidney tumours. Urinary calprotectin concentrations start rising within 2 hours after ischaemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {PloS one},
author = {Ebbing, Jan and Seibert, Felix S. and Pagonas, Nikolaos and Bauer, Frederic and Miller, Kurt and Kempkensteffen, Carsten and Gunzel, Karsten and Bachmann, Alexander and Seifert, Hans H. and Rentsch, Cyrill A. and Ardelt, Peter and Wetterauer, Christian and Amico, Patrizia and Babel, Nina and Westhoff, Timm H.},
year = {2016},
pmid = {26745147},
pmcid = {PMC4706321},
keywords = {*Kidney Transplantation, Acute-Phase Proteins/*urine, Adult, Aged, Biomarkers/urine, Carcinoma, Renal Cell/blood supply/pathology/surgery/*urine, Case-Control Studies, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Kidney Neoplasms/blood supply/pathology/surgery/*urine, Kidney/blood supply/metabolism/pathology/surgery, Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/*urine, Lipocalin-2, Lipocalins/*urine, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Nephrectomy/methods, Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*urine, Renal Artery/surgery, Reperfusion Injury/diagnosis/pathology/surgery/*urine, Time Factors},
pages = {e0146395}
}Comparison of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Parasternal Block for Postoperative Pain Management after Cardiac Surgery. Ozturk, N. K., Baki, E. D., Kavakli, A. S., Sahin, A. S., Ayoglu, R. U., Karaveli, A., Emmiler, M., Inanoglu, K., & Karsli, B. Pain research & management, 2016(9612504):4261949, 2016. Ozturk, Nilgun Kavrut. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Baki, Elif Dogan. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey. Kavakli, Ali Sait. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Sahin, Ayca Sultan. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Ayoglu, Raif Umut. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Karaveli, Arzu. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Emmiler, Mustafa. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Inanoglu, Kerem. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Karsli, Bilge. Department of Algology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Background. Parasternal block and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) have been demonstrated to produce effective analgesia and reduce postoperative opioid requirements in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Objectives. To compare the effectiveness of TENS and parasternal block on early postoperative pain after cardiac surgery. Methods. One hundred twenty patients undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled in the present randomized, controlled prospective study. Patients were assigned to three treatment groups: parasternal block, intermittent TENS application, or a control group. Results. Pain scores recorded 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, and 8h postoperatively were lower in the parasternal block group than in the TENS and control groups. Total morphine consumption was also lower in the parasternal block group than in the TENS and control groups. It was also significantly lower in the TENS group than in the control group. There were no statistical differences among the groups regarding the extubation time, rescue analgesic medication, length of intensive care unit stay, or length of hospital stay. Conclusions. Parasternal block was more effective than TENS in the management of early postoperative pain and the reduction of opioid requirements in patients who underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT02725229.
@article{ozturk_comparison_2016,
title = {Comparison of {Transcutaneous} {Electrical} {Nerve} {Stimulation} and {Parasternal} {Block} for {Postoperative} {Pain} {Management} after {Cardiac} {Surgery}.},
volume = {2016},
issn = {1918-1523},
abstract = {Background. Parasternal block and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) have been demonstrated to produce effective analgesia and reduce postoperative opioid requirements in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Objectives. To compare the effectiveness of TENS and parasternal block on early postoperative pain after cardiac surgery. Methods. One hundred twenty patients undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled in the present randomized, controlled prospective study. Patients were assigned to three treatment groups: parasternal block, intermittent TENS application, or a control group. Results. Pain scores recorded 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, and 8h postoperatively were lower in the parasternal block group than in the TENS and control groups. Total morphine consumption was also lower in the parasternal block group than in the TENS and control groups. It was also significantly lower in the TENS group than in the control group. There were no statistical differences among the groups regarding the extubation time, rescue analgesic medication, length of intensive care unit stay, or length of hospital stay. Conclusions. Parasternal block was more effective than TENS in the management of early postoperative pain and the reduction of opioid requirements in patients who underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT02725229.},
number = {9612504},
journal = {Pain research \& management},
author = {Ozturk, Nilgun Kavrut and Baki, Elif Dogan and Kavakli, Ali Sait and Sahin, Ayca Sultan and Ayoglu, Raif Umut and Karaveli, Arzu and Emmiler, Mustafa and Inanoglu, Kerem and Karsli, Bilge},
year = {2016},
note = {Ozturk, Nilgun Kavrut. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Baki, Elif Dogan. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey.
Kavakli, Ali Sait. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Sahin, Ayca Sultan. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Ayoglu, Raif Umut. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Karaveli, Arzu. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Emmiler, Mustafa. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Inanoglu, Kerem. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Karsli, Bilge. Department of Algology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.},
keywords = {*Cardiac Surgical Procedures/ae [Adverse Effects], *Nerve Block/mt [Methods], *Pain, Postoperative/et [Etiology], *Pain, Postoperative/th [Therapy], *Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/mt [Methods], Adjuvants, Anesthesia/tu [Therapeutic Use], Diazepam/tu [Therapeutic Use], Heart Diseases/su [Surgery], Humans, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, adolescent, adult, aged, female, male, middle aged, treatment outcome, visual analog scale, young adult},
pages = {4261949}
}Early stage cervical cancer: Brachytherapy followed by type a hysterectomy versus type B radical hysterectomy alone, a retrospective evaluation. Lacorre, A., Merlot, B., Garabedian, C., Narducci, F., Chereau, E., Resbeut, M., Minsat, M., Leblanc, E., Houvenaeghel, G., & Lambaudie, E. Eur J Surg Oncol, 42(3):376–82, March, 2016.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Two options are possible for the management of early stage cervical cancer, without lymph node involvement: radical surgery or brachytherapy followed by surgery. The aim of this study was to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of early stage cervical cancers managed by uterovaginale brachytherapy followed by extrafasciale hysterectomy (group 1) or by radical hysterectomy alone (group 2). The secondary objectives were to compare the morbidity of these two different approaches and to evaluate the parametrial involvement rate in patients managed by radical hysterectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a retrospective and collaborative study between the Paoli Calmettes Institute (Marseille) and the Oscar Lambret Center (Lille) from 2001 to 2013, in patients with tumors FIGO stages IA1, IA2, IB1 and IIA less than 2 cm of diameter, without pelvic lymph node involvement. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one patients were included (74 in group 1 and 77 in group 2). The demographic characteristics of the two groups were comparable. OS and DFS were respectively 92.3% versus 100% (p = 0.046) and 92.3% and 98.7% (p = 0.18). Complication rates were 12.2% and 44.2%, respectively (p \textbackslashtextbackslashtextless 0.0001). In group 2, the parametrial invasion rate in this study was 1.30%. CONCLUSION: In our study, the two strategies are comparable in terms of DFS. Complications seem more frequent in the group 2, but more severe in the group 1. Finally, the low rate of parametrial invasion in group 2 confirms the interest of a less radical surgical treatment in these stages with good prognosis.
@article{lacorre_early_2016,
title = {Early stage cervical cancer: {Brachytherapy} followed by type a hysterectomy versus type {B} radical hysterectomy alone, a retrospective evaluation},
volume = {42},
issn = {1532-2157 (Electronic) 0748-7983 (Linking)},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26725307},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejso.2015.12.003},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Two options are possible for the management of early stage cervical cancer, without lymph node involvement: radical surgery or brachytherapy followed by surgery. The aim of this study was to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of early stage cervical cancers managed by uterovaginale brachytherapy followed by extrafasciale hysterectomy (group 1) or by radical hysterectomy alone (group 2). The secondary objectives were to compare the morbidity of these two different approaches and to evaluate the parametrial involvement rate in patients managed by radical hysterectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a retrospective and collaborative study between the Paoli Calmettes Institute (Marseille) and the Oscar Lambret Center (Lille) from 2001 to 2013, in patients with tumors FIGO stages IA1, IA2, IB1 and IIA less than 2 cm of diameter, without pelvic lymph node involvement. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one patients were included (74 in group 1 and 77 in group 2). The demographic characteristics of the two groups were comparable. OS and DFS were respectively 92.3\% versus 100\% (p = 0.046) and 92.3\% and 98.7\% (p = 0.18). Complication rates were 12.2\% and 44.2\%, respectively (p {\textbackslash}textbackslashtextless 0.0001). In group 2, the parametrial invasion rate in this study was 1.30\%. CONCLUSION: In our study, the two strategies are comparable in terms of DFS. Complications seem more frequent in the group 2, but more severe in the group 1. Finally, the low rate of parametrial invasion in group 2 confirms the interest of a less radical surgical treatment in these stages with good prognosis.},
number = {3},
journal = {Eur J Surg Oncol},
author = {Lacorre, A. and Merlot, B. and Garabedian, C. and Narducci, F. and Chereau, E. and Resbeut, M. and Minsat, M. and Leblanc, E. and Houvenaeghel, G. and Lambaudie, E.},
month = mar,
year = {2016},
keywords = {Adjuvant, Age Factors, Aged, Brachytherapy/*methods/mortality, Cohort Studies, Disease-Free Survival, Female, Humans, Hysterectomy/*methods/mortality, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Local/*mortality/pathology, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology, Neoplasm Recurrence, Neoplasm Staging, Nonparametric, Prognosis, Radiotherapy, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Statistics, Survival Analysis, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*mortality/pathology/*therapy},
pages = {376--82},
}Early Extubation After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot and the Fontan Procedure: An Analysis of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database. Mahle, W., Jacobs, J., Jacobs, M., Kim, S, Kirshbom, P., Pasquali, S., Austin, E., Kanter, K., Nicolson, S., & Hill, K. Ann Thorac Surg, 102(3):850–858, September, 2016.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation after pediatric cardiac operations. However, the contemporary use of an early extubation strategy and its effect on clinical outcomes is poorly understood. METHODS: Data from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (2010 to 2013) were analyzed to determine the association of early extubation with postoperative length of stay (PLOS). Two operations were analyzed: complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in patients older than 45 days and the Fontan procedure. Centers were stratified into tertiles by frequency of early extubation, defined as less than 6 hours after leaving the operating room. Patients extubated after 48 hours were excluded. RESULTS: Among 92 centers, early extubation was performed in 31.5% (478 of 1,519) of children undergoing TOF repair and in 69.8% (1,153 of 1,653) of those undergoing the Fontan procedure. Early extubation after TOF repair was associated with heavier weight at operation (p \textless 0.001) and fewer preoperative risk factors (p = 0.016). After adjustment for covariates, average PLOS after TOF repair was shorter for centers in the highest tertile of early extubation rate than for the lowest tertile centers, which have low early extubation rate (p = 0.04). No association was found between center early extubation rate and PLOS for Fontan procedures (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Early extubation is common after repair of TOF and the Fontan procedure. A high institutional rate of early extubation after TOF repair is associated with shorter PLOS. Further analysis is needed to understand what effect early extubation might have on other meaningful measures such as resource use.
@article{mahle_early_2016,
title = {Early {Extubation} {After} {Repair} of {Tetralogy} of {Fallot} and the {Fontan} {Procedure}: {An} {Analysis} of {The} {Society} of {Thoracic} {Surgeons} {Congenital} {Heart} {Surgery} {Database}.},
volume = {102},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27173073},
doi = {10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.03.013},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation after pediatric cardiac operations. However, the contemporary use of an early extubation strategy and its effect on clinical outcomes is poorly understood. METHODS: Data from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (2010 to 2013) were analyzed to determine the association of early extubation with postoperative length of stay (PLOS). Two operations were analyzed: complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in patients older than 45 days and the Fontan procedure. Centers were stratified into tertiles by frequency of early extubation, defined as less than 6 hours after leaving the operating room. Patients extubated after 48 hours were excluded. RESULTS: Among 92 centers, early extubation was performed in 31.5\% (478 of 1,519) of children undergoing TOF repair and in 69.8\% (1,153 of 1,653) of those undergoing the Fontan procedure. Early extubation after TOF repair was associated with heavier weight at operation (p {\textless} 0.001) and fewer preoperative risk factors (p = 0.016). After adjustment for covariates, average PLOS after TOF repair was shorter for centers in the highest tertile of early extubation rate than for the lowest tertile centers, which have low early extubation rate (p = 0.04). No association was found between center early extubation rate and PLOS for Fontan procedures (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Early extubation is common after repair of TOF and the Fontan procedure. A high institutional rate of early extubation after TOF repair is associated with shorter PLOS. Further analysis is needed to understand what effect early extubation might have on other meaningful measures such as resource use.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Ann Thorac Surg},
author = {Mahle, WT and Jacobs, JP and Jacobs, ML and Kim, S and Kirshbom, PM and Pasquali, SK and Austin, EH and Kanter, KR and Nicolson, SC and Hill, KD},
month = sep,
year = {2016},
keywords = {Time Factors},
pages = {850--858}
}2015 (2)
No evidence of posttreatment control after early initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Gianella, S., Anderson, C. M., Richman, D. D., Smith, D. M., & Little, S. J. AIDS (London, England), 29(16):2093–2097, October, 2015.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
As part of a retrospective analysis of 616 individuals followed from incident HIV infection for up to 18 years as part of the San Diego Primary Infection Cohort, we found 16 individuals who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) within the first 4 months of infection and subsequently interrupted ART after being virologically suppressed for a median of 1.75 years. No individual maintained sustained virologic control after interruption of ART, even when treatment was started during the earliest stages of HIV infection. Median time to HIV-RNA rebound after ART interruption was 0.9 months (range: 0.2-6.4 months).
@article{gianella_no_2015,
title = {No evidence of posttreatment control after early initiation of antiretroviral therapy},
volume = {29},
issn = {1473-5571},
doi = {10.1097/QAD.0000000000000816},
abstract = {As part of a retrospective analysis of 616 individuals followed from incident HIV infection for up to 18 years as part of the San Diego Primary Infection Cohort, we found 16 individuals who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) within the first 4 months of infection and subsequently interrupted ART after being virologically suppressed for a median of 1.75 years. No individual maintained sustained virologic control after interruption of ART, even when treatment was started during the earliest stages of HIV infection. Median time to HIV-RNA rebound after ART interruption was 0.9 months (range: 0.2-6.4 months).},
language = {eng},
number = {16},
journal = {AIDS (London, England)},
author = {Gianella, Sara and Anderson, Christy M. and Richman, Douglas D. and Smith, Davey M. and Little, Susan J.},
month = oct,
year = {2015},
pmid = {26544575},
pmcid = {PMC4638137},
keywords = {Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Female, Follow-Up Studies, HIV Infections, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome},
pages = {2093--2097},
}Epidemiology and short-term mortality in traumatic patients admitted to Shariati Hospital in Iran between 2012 and 2013. Sheikhghomi, S., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Jafarpour, S., & Saadat, S. Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi, 18(5):275--8, 2015. Sheikhghomi, Sima. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11365-3876, Iran.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
PURPOSE: Trauma is an inevitable part of the health burden in every country. Both the preventive and rehabilitative aspects of traumatic injuries are expensive. Since most of the injuries happen in low- and middle-income developing countries, a judicious allocation of the limited resources to the most costefficient strategies is necessary. The present study was designed to report the causes of trauma, injured body regions, trauma severity scores and the one year survival rate of a randomly selected sample of trauma patients in a major referral hospital in Tehran, Iran., METHODS: We chose and analyzed a random subgroup of traumatic patients admitted during the oneyear period of May 2012 to May 2013 to Shariati Hospital, a major University Teaching Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Patients who stayed at the hospital for less than 24 h were excluded. In total, 73 traumatic patients were registered. The mean age was (40.19 +/- 20.34) years and 67.1% of them were male., RESULTS: In general, the most common cause of injury was falls (47.9%), followed by road traffic crashes (RTCs, 40.8%). Assault and exposure to inanimate mechanical forces each were only associated with 5.6% of all injuries. The only cause of injury in ages of more than 65 years was fall. The most common cause of injury in ages between 15 and 45 years was RTCs. During the study, two deaths occurred: one was at ICU and the other was at home. The most commonly injured body region was the head (23.8%), followed by the elbow and forearm (19%), hip and thigh (15.9%), and multiple body regions (14.3%). The mean abbreviated injury score was 2.23 +/- 1.02; injury severity index was 7.26 +/- 7.06; and revised trauma score was 7.84, calculated for 38 patients., CONCLUSION: Prevention strategy of traumatic injury should focus on falls and RTCs, which are respectively the most common cause of trauma in older aged people and young males.
@article{sheikhghomi_epidemiology_2015-1,
title = {Epidemiology and short-term mortality in traumatic patients admitted to {Shariati} {Hospital} in {Iran} between 2012 and 2013.},
volume = {18},
issn = {1008-1275},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Trauma is an inevitable part of the health burden in every country. Both the preventive and rehabilitative aspects of traumatic injuries are expensive. Since most of the injuries happen in low- and middle-income developing countries, a judicious allocation of the limited resources to the most costefficient strategies is necessary. The present study was designed to report the causes of trauma, injured body regions, trauma severity scores and the one year survival rate of a randomly selected sample of trauma patients in a major referral hospital in Tehran, Iran., METHODS: We chose and analyzed a random subgroup of traumatic patients admitted during the oneyear period of May 2012 to May 2013 to Shariati Hospital, a major University Teaching Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Patients who stayed at the hospital for less than 24 h were excluded. In total, 73 traumatic patients were registered. The mean age was (40.19 +/- 20.34) years and 67.1\% of them were male., RESULTS: In general, the most common cause of injury was falls (47.9\%), followed by road traffic crashes (RTCs, 40.8\%). Assault and exposure to inanimate mechanical forces each were only associated with 5.6\% of all injuries. The only cause of injury in ages of more than 65 years was fall. The most common cause of injury in ages between 15 and 45 years was RTCs. During the study, two deaths occurred: one was at ICU and the other was at home. The most commonly injured body region was the head (23.8\%), followed by the elbow and forearm (19\%), hip and thigh (15.9\%), and multiple body regions (14.3\%). The mean abbreviated injury score was 2.23 +/- 1.02; injury severity index was 7.26 +/- 7.06; and revised trauma score was 7.84, calculated for 38 patients., CONCLUSION: Prevention strategy of traumatic injury should focus on falls and RTCs, which are respectively the most common cause of trauma in older aged people and young males.},
number = {5},
journal = {Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi},
author = {Sheikhghomi, Sima and Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa and Jafarpour, Saba and Saadat, Soheil},
year = {2015},
note = {Sheikhghomi, Sima. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11365-3876, Iran.},
keywords = {*Wounds and Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Iran/ep [Epidemiology], Prospective Studies, Time Factors, Wounds and Injuries/mo [Mortality], adolescent, adult, aged, female, male, middle aged},
pages = {275--8}
}2014 (3)
Fatal unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning: England and Wales, 1979-2012. Fisher, D. S., Leonardi, G., & Flanagan, R. J. Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 52(3):166--170, March, 2014. 00006
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
CONTEXT: Unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in England and Wales. METHODS. STUDY DESIGN: observational case series. Data on fatal carbon monoxide poisoning in England and Wales from 1979 to 2012 were obtained from coroner reports. Data on unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning were extracted and were analysed by year of registration of death, sex, age group, and whether death occurred at a private house, flat, associated garage, or residential caravan ('home'), or elsewhere. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: There were 28,944 carbon monoxide-related deaths, of which 82% were male. Deaths increased from 965 (1979) to 1700 (1987), and then fell to 182 (2012). Of these 2208 (64% male) were recorded as unintentional non-fire-related deaths. Annual numbers of these latter deaths fell from 166 in 1979 to 25 in 2012 (i.e. from 3.37 to 0.44 per million population). Some 81 and 92% of such deaths in males and in females, respectively, occurred at 'home'. A clear preponderance of male versus female deaths was seen in the 10-19, 20-39 and 40-64 years age groups, with similar numbers of deaths in males and in females in the younger (\textless 1 and 1-9 year) and higher (65-79 and 80 + years) age groups. A higher proportion of these excess deaths in males occurred outside the deceased's 'home' in those aged 10-19, 20-39 and 40-64 years. CONCLUSION: Deaths from unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning are now much less common in England and Wales than in earlier years, but remain a cause for concern. Installation and proper maintenance of carbon monoxide alarms in dwellings and outhouses, for example, and education not only of the public, but also of health and other professionals as to the danger posed by carbon monoxide could help prevent such deaths.
@article{fisher_fatal_2014,
title = {Fatal unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning: {England} and {Wales}, 1979-2012},
volume = {52},
issn = {1556-9519},
shorttitle = {Fatal unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning},
doi = {10.3109/15563650.2014.887092},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in England and Wales. METHODS.
STUDY DESIGN: observational case series. Data on fatal carbon monoxide poisoning in England and Wales from 1979 to 2012 were obtained from coroner reports. Data on unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning were extracted and were analysed by year of registration of death, sex, age group, and whether death occurred at a private house, flat, associated garage, or residential caravan ('home'), or elsewhere.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: There were 28,944 carbon monoxide-related deaths, of which 82\% were male. Deaths increased from 965 (1979) to 1700 (1987), and then fell to 182 (2012). Of these 2208 (64\% male) were recorded as unintentional non-fire-related deaths. Annual numbers of these latter deaths fell from 166 in 1979 to 25 in 2012 (i.e. from 3.37 to 0.44 per million population). Some 81 and 92\% of such deaths in males and in females, respectively, occurred at 'home'. A clear preponderance of male versus female deaths was seen in the 10-19, 20-39 and 40-64 years age groups, with similar numbers of deaths in males and in females in the younger ({\textless} 1 and 1-9 year) and higher (65-79 and 80 + years) age groups. A higher proportion of these excess deaths in males occurred outside the deceased's 'home' in those aged 10-19, 20-39 and 40-64 years.
CONCLUSION: Deaths from unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning are now much less common in England and Wales than in earlier years, but remain a cause for concern. Installation and proper maintenance of carbon monoxide alarms in dwellings and outhouses, for example, and education not only of the public, but also of health and other professionals as to the danger posed by carbon monoxide could help prevent such deaths.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
author = {Fisher, D. S. and Leonardi, G. and Flanagan, R. J.},
month = mar,
year = {2014},
pmid = {24533843},
note = {00006 },
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Child, England, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Characteristics, Time Factors, Wales},
pages = {166--170}
}Dynamic Bayesian Networks to predict sequences of organ failures in patients admitted to ICU. Sandri, M., Berchialla, P., Baldi, I., Gregori, D., & De Blasi, R., A. Journal of biomedical informatics, 48:106-13, 4, 2014.
Website doi abstract bibtex
Website doi abstract bibtex Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) represents a continuum of physiologic derangements and is the major cause of death in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Scoring systems for organ failure have become an integral part of critical care practice and play an important role in ICU-based research by tracking disease progression and facilitating patient stratification based on evaluation of illness severity during ICU stay. In this study a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) was applied to model SOFA severity score changes in 79 adult critically ill patients consecutively admitted to the general ICU of the Sant'Andrea University hospital (Rome, Italy) from September 2010 to March 2011, with the aim to identify the most probable sequences of organs failures in the first week after the ICU admission. Approximately 56% of patients were admitted into the ICU with lung failure and about 27% of patients with heart failure. Results suggest that, given the first organ failure at the ICU admission, a sequence of organ failures can be predicted with a certain degree of probability. Sequences involving heart, lung, hematologic system and liver turned out to be the more likely to occur, with slightly different probabilities depending on the day of the week they occur. DBNs could be successfully applied for modeling temporal systems in critical care domain. Capability to predict sequences of likely organ failures makes DBNs a promising prognostic tool, intended to help physicians in undertaking therapeutic decisions in a patient-tailored approach.
@article{
title = {Dynamic Bayesian Networks to predict sequences of organ failures in patients admitted to ICU.},
type = {article},
year = {2014},
keywords = {Aged,Algorithms,Bayes Theorem,Critical Illness,Decision Support Systems, Clinical,Female,Hospital Mortality,Humans,Intensive Care,Intensive Care Units,Intensive Care: methods,Length of Stay,Male,Middle Aged,Multiple Organ Failure,Multiple Organ Failure: physiopathology,Multiple Organ Failure: therapy,Probability,Prognosis,Software,Time Factors},
pages = {106-13},
volume = {48},
websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046413001998},
month = {4},
id = {009707e8-f54a-399f-95c0-b1de38f6d52a},
created = {2015-04-12T20:17:32.000Z},
accessed = {2015-04-11},
file_attached = {false},
profile_id = {95e10851-cdf3-31de-9f82-1ab629e601b0},
group_id = {379f32c7-d27b-3627-898a-9a4acebc265b},
last_modified = {2017-03-14T14:38:49.606Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
private_publication = {false},
abstract = {Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) represents a continuum of physiologic derangements and is the major cause of death in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Scoring systems for organ failure have become an integral part of critical care practice and play an important role in ICU-based research by tracking disease progression and facilitating patient stratification based on evaluation of illness severity during ICU stay. In this study a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) was applied to model SOFA severity score changes in 79 adult critically ill patients consecutively admitted to the general ICU of the Sant'Andrea University hospital (Rome, Italy) from September 2010 to March 2011, with the aim to identify the most probable sequences of organs failures in the first week after the ICU admission. Approximately 56% of patients were admitted into the ICU with lung failure and about 27% of patients with heart failure. Results suggest that, given the first organ failure at the ICU admission, a sequence of organ failures can be predicted with a certain degree of probability. Sequences involving heart, lung, hematologic system and liver turned out to be the more likely to occur, with slightly different probabilities depending on the day of the week they occur. DBNs could be successfully applied for modeling temporal systems in critical care domain. Capability to predict sequences of likely organ failures makes DBNs a promising prognostic tool, intended to help physicians in undertaking therapeutic decisions in a patient-tailored approach.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Sandri, Micol and Berchialla, Paola and Baldi, Ileana and Gregori, Dario and De Blasi, Roberto Alberto},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2013.12.008},
journal = {Journal of biomedical informatics}
}Long-term outcomes of community-acquired versus hospital-acquired acute kidney injury: a retrospective analysis. Der Mesropian, P. J., Kalamaras, J. S., Eisele, G., Phelps, K. R., Asif, A., & Mathew, R. O. Clinical Nephrology, 81(3):174–184, March, 2014.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
AIM: To compare long-term outcomes in CA-AKI to HA-AKI. The hypothesis was that renal and patient survival would be better in CA-AKI than in HA-AKI. METHODS: Retrospective cohort analysis of patients hospitalized from 2004 to 2005, in Upstate New York Veterans Affairs hospitals. The groups: CA-AKI (n = 560), HA-AKI (n = 158), or No AKI (NA) (n = 2,320). Risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage kidney (RIFLE) criterion was used to define AKI. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: doubling of serum creatinine, endstage renal disease (ESRD), death, and a composite of the three. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: de novo chronic kidney disease (CKD), recovery of renal function, and re-admission rate. The cumulative incidence of outcomes was determined over a period of 3 years after discharge. RESULTS: CA-AKI was 3.5 times as prevalent as HA-AKI. In comparison to patients with HA-AKI, those with CA-AKI had better estimated glomerular filtration rate (71.3 vs. 61.1 mL/min/1.73 m(2), p \textless 0.001) and lower prevalence of CKD (42.3 vs. 51.9%, p = 0.03) at baseline. More patients with CA-AKI than HA-AKI met RIFLE failure criterion (43.8 vs. 29.1%, p \textless 0.001). By 3 years, no differences were found for the individual primary and secondary outcomes tested (all p \textgreater 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CA-AKI was found to be considerably more common than HA-AKI and had similar long-term consequences.
@article{der_mesropian_long-term_2014,
title = {Long-term outcomes of community-acquired versus hospital-acquired acute kidney injury: a retrospective analysis},
volume = {81},
issn = {0301-0430},
shorttitle = {Long-term outcomes of community-acquired versus hospital-acquired acute kidney injury},
doi = {10.5414/CN108153},
abstract = {AIM: To compare long-term outcomes in CA-AKI to HA-AKI. The hypothesis was that renal and patient survival would be better in CA-AKI than in HA-AKI.
METHODS: Retrospective cohort analysis of patients hospitalized from 2004 to 2005, in Upstate New York Veterans Affairs hospitals. The groups: CA-AKI (n = 560), HA-AKI (n = 158), or No AKI (NA) (n = 2,320). Risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage kidney (RIFLE) criterion was used to define AKI.
PRIMARY OUTCOMES: doubling of serum creatinine, endstage renal disease (ESRD), death, and a composite of the three.
SECONDARY OUTCOMES: de novo chronic kidney disease (CKD), recovery of renal function, and re-admission rate. The cumulative incidence of outcomes was determined over a period of 3 years after discharge.
RESULTS: CA-AKI was 3.5 times as prevalent as HA-AKI. In comparison to patients with HA-AKI, those with CA-AKI had better estimated glomerular filtration rate (71.3 vs. 61.1 mL/min/1.73 m(2), p {\textless} 0.001) and lower prevalence of CKD (42.3 vs. 51.9\%, p = 0.03) at baseline. More patients with CA-AKI than HA-AKI met RIFLE failure criterion (43.8 vs. 29.1\%, p {\textless} 0.001). By 3 years, no differences were found for the individual primary and secondary outcomes tested (all p {\textgreater} 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: CA-AKI was found to be considerably more common than HA-AKI and had similar long-term consequences.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Clinical Nephrology},
author = {Der Mesropian, Paul J. and Kalamaras, John S. and Eisele, George and Phelps, Kenneth R. and Asif, Arif and Mathew, Roy O.},
month = mar,
year = {2014},
pmid = {24361059},
keywords = {Acute Kidney Injury, Biomarkers, Chi-Square Distribution, Creatinine, Disease Progression, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Veterans, Humans, Incidence, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Kidney, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, New York, Prevalence, Proportional Hazards Models, Recovery of Function, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome},
pages = {174--184}
}2012 (3)
Emergency Medical Services Response Time and Mortality in an Urban Setting. Blanchard, I. E., Doig, C. J., Hagel, B. E., Anton, A. R., Zygun, D. A., Kortbeek, J. B., Powell, D. G., Williamson, T. S., Fick, G. H., & Innes, G. D. Prehospital Emergency Care, 16(1):142--151, January, 2012.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Background. A common tenet in emergency medical services (EMS) is that faster response equates to better patient outcome, translated by some EMS operations into a goal of a response time of 8 minutes or less for advanced life support (ALS) units responding to life-threatening events. Objective. To explore whether an 8-minute EMS response time was associated with mortality. Methods. This was a one-year retrospective cohort study of adults with a life-threatening event as assessed at the time of the 9-1-1 call (Medical Priority Dispatch System Echo- or Delta-level event). The study setting was an urban all-ALS EMS system serving a population of approximately 1 million. Response time was defined as 9-1-1 call receipt to ALS unit arrival on scene, and outcome was defined as all-cause mortality at hospital discharge. Potential covariates included patient acuity, age, gender, and combined scene and transport interval time. Stratified analysis and logistic regression were used to assess the response time–mortality association. Results. There were 7,760 unit responses that met the inclusion criteria; 1,865 (24%) were ≥8 minutes. The average patient age was 56.7 years (standard deviation = 21.5). For patients with a response time ≥8 minutes, 7.1% died, compared with 6.4% for patients with a response time ≤7 minutes 59 seconds (risk difference 0.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.5%, 2.0%). The adjusted odds ratio of mortality for ≥8 minutes was 1.19 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.47). An exploratory analysis suggested there may be a small beneficial effect of response ≤7 minutes 59 seconds for those who survived to become an inpatient (adjusted odds ratio = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.69). Conclusions. These results call into question the clinical effectiveness of a dichotomous 8-minute ALS response time on decreasing mortality for the majority of adult patients identified as having a life-threatening event at the time of the 9-1-1 call. However, this study does not suggest that rapid EMS response is undesirable or unimportant for certain patients. This analysis highlights the need for further research on who may benefit from rapid EMS response, whether these individuals can be identified at the time of the 9-1-1 call, and what the optimum response time is.
@article{blanchard_emergency_2012,
title = {Emergency {Medical} {Services} {Response} {Time} and {Mortality} in an {Urban} {Setting}},
volume = {16},
issn = {1090-3127},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2011.614046},
doi = {10.3109/10903127.2011.614046},
abstract = {Background. A common tenet in emergency medical services (EMS) is that faster response equates to better patient outcome, translated by some EMS operations into a goal of a response time of 8 minutes or less for advanced life support (ALS) units responding to life-threatening events. Objective. To explore whether an 8-minute EMS response time was associated with mortality. Methods. This was a one-year retrospective cohort study of adults with a life-threatening event as assessed at the time of the 9-1-1 call (Medical Priority Dispatch System Echo- or Delta-level event). The study setting was an urban all-ALS EMS system serving a population of approximately 1 million. Response time was defined as 9-1-1 call receipt to ALS unit arrival on scene, and outcome was defined as all-cause mortality at hospital discharge. Potential covariates included patient acuity, age, gender, and combined scene and transport interval time. Stratified analysis and logistic regression were used to assess the response time–mortality association. Results. There were 7,760 unit responses that met the inclusion criteria; 1,865 (24\%) were ≥8 minutes. The average patient age was 56.7 years (standard deviation = 21.5). For patients with a response time ≥8 minutes, 7.1\% died, compared with 6.4\% for patients with a response time ≤7 minutes 59 seconds (risk difference 0.7\%; 95\% confidence interval [CI]: –0.5\%, 2.0\%). The adjusted odds ratio of mortality for ≥8 minutes was 1.19 (95\% CI: 0.97, 1.47). An exploratory analysis suggested there may be a small beneficial effect of response ≤7 minutes 59 seconds for those who survived to become an inpatient (adjusted odds ratio = 1.30; 95\% CI: 1.00, 1.69). Conclusions. These results call into question the clinical effectiveness of a dichotomous 8-minute ALS response time on decreasing mortality for the majority of adult patients identified as having a life-threatening event at the time of the 9-1-1 call. However, this study does not suggest that rapid EMS response is undesirable or unimportant for certain patients. This analysis highlights the need for further research on who may benefit from rapid EMS response, whether these individuals can be identified at the time of the 9-1-1 call, and what the optimum response time is.},
number = {1},
journal = {Prehospital Emergency Care},
author = {Blanchard, Ian E. and Doig, Christopher J. and Hagel, Brent E. and Anton, Andrew R. and Zygun, David A. and Kortbeek, John B. and Powell, D. Gregory and Williamson, Tyler S. and Fick, Gordon H. and Innes, Grant D.},
month = jan,
year = {2012},
pmid = {22026820},
keywords = {Emergency Medical Services, Mortality, Time Factors, ambulance, outcome assessment, response},
pages = {142--151}
}Transitions from Functionalization to Fragmentation Reactions of Laboratory Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Generated from the OH Oxidation of Alkane Precursors. Lambe, A., T., Onasch, T., B., Croasdale, D., R., Wright, J., P., Martin, A., T., Franklin, J., P., Massoli, P., Kroll, J., H., Canagaratna, M., R., Brune, W., H., Worsnop, D., R., & Davidovits, P. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(10):5430-5437, 5, 2012.
![Transitions from Functionalization to Fragmentation Reactions of Laboratory Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Generated from the OH Oxidation of Alkane Precursors [pdf]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg "pdf")
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex Functionalization (oxygen addition) and fragmentation (carbon loss) reactions governing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the OH oxidation of alkane precursors were studied in a flow reactor in the absence of NO. SOA precursors were n-decane (n-C-10), n-pentadecane (n-C-15), n-heptadecane (n-C-17), tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]clecane (JP-10), and vapors of diesel fuel and Southern Louisiana crude oil. Aerosol mass spectra were measured with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, from which normalized SOA yields, hydrogen-tocarbon (H/C) and oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratios, and CxHy+, CxHyO+, and CxHyO2+ ion abundances were extracted as a function of OH exposure. Normalized SOA yield curves exhibited an increase followed by a decrease as a function of OH exposure, with maximum yields at O/C ratios ranging from 0.29 to 0.74. The decrease in SOA yield correlates with an increase in oxygen content and decrease in carbon content, consistent with transitions from functionalization to fragmentation. For a subset of alkane precursors (n-C-10, n-C-15, and JP-10), maximum SOA yields were estimated to be 0.39, 0.69, and 1.1. In addition, maximum SOA yields correspond with a maximum in the CxHyO+ relative abundance. Measured correlations between OH exposure, 0/C ratio, and H/C ratio may enable identification of alkane precursor contributions to ambient SOA.
@article{
title = {Transitions from Functionalization to Fragmentation Reactions of Laboratory Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Generated from the OH Oxidation of Alkane Precursors},
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pages = {5430-5437},
volume = {46},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22534114},
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notes = {<b>From Duplicate 2 (<i>Transitions from Functionalization to Fragmentation Reactions of Laboratory Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Generated from the OH Oxidation of Alkane Precursors</i> - Lambe, Andrew T; Onasch, Timothy B; Croasdale, David R; Wright, Justin P; Martin, Alexander T; Franklin, Jonathan P; Massoli, Paola; Kroll, Jesse H; Canagaratna, Manjula R; Brune, William H; Worsnop, Douglas R; Davidovits, Paul)<br/></b><br/><b>From Duplicate 2 (<i>Transitions from Functionalization to Fragmentation Reactions of Laboratory Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Generated from the OH Oxidation of Alkane Precursors</i> - Lambe, Andrew T; Onasch, Timothy B; Croasdale, David R; Wright, Justin P; Martin, Alexander T; Franklin, Jonathan P; Massoli, Paola; Kroll, Jesse H; Canagaratna, Manjula R; Brune, William H; Worsnop, Douglas R; Davidovits, Paul)<br/></b><br/>941LM<br/>Times Cited:8<br/>Cited References Count:50},
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abstract = {Functionalization (oxygen addition) and fragmentation (carbon loss) reactions governing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the OH oxidation of alkane precursors were studied in a flow reactor in the absence of NO. SOA precursors were n-decane (n-C-10), n-pentadecane (n-C-15), n-heptadecane (n-C-17), tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]clecane (JP-10), and vapors of diesel fuel and Southern Louisiana crude oil. Aerosol mass spectra were measured with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, from which normalized SOA yields, hydrogen-tocarbon (H/C) and oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratios, and CxHy+, CxHyO+, and CxHyO2+ ion abundances were extracted as a function of OH exposure. Normalized SOA yield curves exhibited an increase followed by a decrease as a function of OH exposure, with maximum yields at O/C ratios ranging from 0.29 to 0.74. The decrease in SOA yield correlates with an increase in oxygen content and decrease in carbon content, consistent with transitions from functionalization to fragmentation. For a subset of alkane precursors (n-C-10, n-C-15, and JP-10), maximum SOA yields were estimated to be 0.39, 0.69, and 1.1. In addition, maximum SOA yields correspond with a maximum in the CxHyO+ relative abundance. Measured correlations between OH exposure, 0/C ratio, and H/C ratio may enable identification of alkane precursor contributions to ambient SOA.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Lambe, Andrew T and Onasch, Timothy B and Croasdale, David R and Wright, Justin P and Martin, Alexander T and Franklin, Jonathan P and Massoli, Paola and Kroll, Jesse H and Canagaratna, Manjula R and Brune, William H and Worsnop, Douglas R and Davidovits, Paul},
journal = {Environmental Science & Technology},
number = {10}
}Characterizing the aging of biomass burning organic aerosol by use of mixing ratios: a meta-analysis of four regions. Jolleys, M., D., Coe, H., McFiggans, G., Capes, G., Allan, J., D., Crosier, J., Williams, P., I., Allen, G., Bower, K., N., Jimenez, J., L., Russell, L., M., Grutter, M., & Baumgardner, D. Environmental science & technology, 46(24):13093-102, American Chemical Society, 12, 2012.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex Characteristic organic aerosol (OA) emission ratios (ERs) and normalized excess mixing ratios (NEMRs) for biomass burning (BB) events have been calculated from ambient measurements recorded during four field campaigns. Normalized OA mass concentrations measured using Aerodyne Research Inc. quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometers (Q-AMS) reveal a systematic variation in average values between different geographical regions. For each region, a consistent, characteristic ratio is seemingly established when measurements are collated from plumes of all ages and origins. However, there is evidence of strong regional and local-scale variability between separate measurement periods throughout the tropical, subtropical, and boreal environments studied. ERs close to source typically exceed NEMRs in the far-field, despite apparent compositional change and increasing oxidation with age. The absence of any significant downwind mass enhancement suggests no regional net source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from atmospheric aging of BB sources, in contrast with the substantial levels of net SOA formation associated with urban sources. A consistent trend of moderately reduced ΔOA/ΔCO ratios with aging indicates a small net loss of OA, likely as a result of the evaporation of organic material from initial fire emissions. Variability in ERs close to source is shown to substantially exceed the magnitude of any changes between fresh and aged OA, emphasizing the importance of fuel and combustion conditions in determining OA loadings from biomass burning.
@article{
title = {Characterizing the aging of biomass burning organic aerosol by use of mixing ratios: a meta-analysis of four regions.},
type = {article},
year = {2012},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Aerosols,Aerosols: analysis,Africa,Biomass,Carbon Monoxide,Carbon Monoxide: analysis,Fires,Organic Chemicals,Organic Chemicals: analysis,Time Factors,Western},
pages = {13093-102},
volume = {46},
websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es302386v},
month = {12},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
day = {18},
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abstract = {Characteristic organic aerosol (OA) emission ratios (ERs) and normalized excess mixing ratios (NEMRs) for biomass burning (BB) events have been calculated from ambient measurements recorded during four field campaigns. Normalized OA mass concentrations measured using Aerodyne Research Inc. quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometers (Q-AMS) reveal a systematic variation in average values between different geographical regions. For each region, a consistent, characteristic ratio is seemingly established when measurements are collated from plumes of all ages and origins. However, there is evidence of strong regional and local-scale variability between separate measurement periods throughout the tropical, subtropical, and boreal environments studied. ERs close to source typically exceed NEMRs in the far-field, despite apparent compositional change and increasing oxidation with age. The absence of any significant downwind mass enhancement suggests no regional net source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from atmospheric aging of BB sources, in contrast with the substantial levels of net SOA formation associated with urban sources. A consistent trend of moderately reduced ΔOA/ΔCO ratios with aging indicates a small net loss of OA, likely as a result of the evaporation of organic material from initial fire emissions. Variability in ERs close to source is shown to substantially exceed the magnitude of any changes between fresh and aged OA, emphasizing the importance of fuel and combustion conditions in determining OA loadings from biomass burning.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Jolleys, Matthew D. and Coe, Hugh and McFiggans, Gordon and Capes, Gerard and Allan, James D. and Crosier, Jonathan and Williams, Paul I. and Allen, Grant and Bower, Keith N. and Jimenez, Jose L. and Russell, Lynn M. and Grutter, Michel and Baumgardner, Darrel},
journal = {Environmental science & technology},
number = {24}
}2011 (7)
High-throughput 3D spheroid culture and drug testing using a 384 hanging drop array. Tung, Y., Hsiao, A., Y., Allen, S., G., Torisawa, Y., Ho, M., & Takayama, S. The Analyst, 136(3):473-8, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2, 2011.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Culture of cells as three-dimensional (3D) aggregates can enhance in vitro tests for basic biological research as well as for therapeutics development. Such 3D culture models, however, are often more complicated, cumbersome, and expensive than two-dimensional (2D) cultures. This paper describes a 384-well format hanging drop culture plate that makes spheroid formation, culture, and subsequent drug testing on the obtained 3D cellular constructs as straightforward to perform and adapt to existing high-throughput screening (HTS) instruments as conventional 2D cultures. Using this platform, we show that drugs with different modes of action produce distinct responses in the physiological 3D cell spheroids compared to conventional 2D cell monolayers. Specifically, the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has higher anti-proliferative effects on 2D cultures whereas the hypoxia activated drug commonly referred to as tirapazamine (TPZ) are more effective against 3D cultures. The multiplexed 3D hanging drop culture and testing plate provides an efficient way to obtain biological insights that are often lost in 2D platforms.
@article{
title = {High-throughput 3D spheroid culture and drug testing using a 384 hanging drop array.},
type = {article},
year = {2011},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Antineoplastic Agents,Antineoplastic Agents: pharmacology,Cell Culture Techniques,Cell Culture Techniques: instrumentation,Cell Culture Techniques: methods,Cell Line,Cell Survival,Cell Survival: drug effects,Cellular,Cellular: cytology,Cellular: drug effects,Drug Evaluation,High-Throughput Screening Assays,High-Throughput Screening Assays: instrumentation,High-Throughput Screening Assays: methods,Humans,Osmolar Concentration,Preclinical,Preclinical: instrumentation,Preclinical: methods,Spheroids,Time Factors,Tumor},
pages = {473-8},
volume = {136},
websites = {http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2011/an/c0an00609b},
month = {2},
publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},
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abstract = {Culture of cells as three-dimensional (3D) aggregates can enhance in vitro tests for basic biological research as well as for therapeutics development. Such 3D culture models, however, are often more complicated, cumbersome, and expensive than two-dimensional (2D) cultures. This paper describes a 384-well format hanging drop culture plate that makes spheroid formation, culture, and subsequent drug testing on the obtained 3D cellular constructs as straightforward to perform and adapt to existing high-throughput screening (HTS) instruments as conventional 2D cultures. Using this platform, we show that drugs with different modes of action produce distinct responses in the physiological 3D cell spheroids compared to conventional 2D cell monolayers. Specifically, the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has higher anti-proliferative effects on 2D cultures whereas the hypoxia activated drug commonly referred to as tirapazamine (TPZ) are more effective against 3D cultures. The multiplexed 3D hanging drop culture and testing plate provides an efficient way to obtain biological insights that are often lost in 2D platforms.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Tung, Yi-Chung and Hsiao, Amy Y and Allen, Steven G and Torisawa, Yu-suke and Ho, Mitchell and Takayama, Shuichi},
journal = {The Analyst},
number = {3}
}Comparison of the results of Cox proportional hazards model and parametric models in the study of length of stay in a tertiary teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. Ravangard, R., Arab, M., Rashidian, A., Akbarisari, A., Zare, A., & Zeraati, H. Acta medica Iranica, 49(10):650–658, 2011.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Survival analysis is a set of methods used for analysis of the data which exist until the occurrence of an event. This study aimed to compare the results of the use of the semi-parametric Cox model with parametric models to determine the factors influencing the length of stay of patients in the inpatient units of Women Hospital in Tehran, Iran. In this historical cohort study all 3421 charts of the patients admitted to Obstetrics, Surgery and Oncology units in 2008 were reviewed and the required patient data such as medical insurance coverage types, admission months, days and times, inpatient units, final diagnoses, the number of diagnostic tests, admission types were collected. The patient length of stay in hospital 'leading to recovery' was considered as a survival variable. To compare the semi-parametric Cox model and parametric (including exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, log-normal, log-logistic and gamma) models and find the best model fitted to studied data, Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and Cox-Snell residual were used. P\textless0.05 was considered as statistically significant. AIC and Cox-Snell residual graph showed that the gamma model had the lowest AIC (4288.598) and the closest graph to the bisector. The results of the gamma model showed that factors affecting the patient length of stay were admission day, inpatient unit, related physician specialty, emergent admission, final diagnosis and the number of laboratory tests, radiographies and sonographies (P\textless0.05). The results showed that the gamma model provided a better fit to the studied data than the Cox proportional hazards model. Therefore, it is better for researchers of healthcare field to consider this model in their researches about the patient length of stay (LOS) if the assumption of proportional hazards is not fulfilled.
@article{ravangard_comparison_2011,
title = {Comparison of the results of {Cox} proportional hazards model and parametric models in the study of length of stay in a tertiary teaching hospital in {Tehran}, {Iran}},
volume = {49},
issn = {1735-9694},
abstract = {Survival analysis is a set of methods used for analysis of the data which exist until the occurrence of an event. This study aimed to compare the results of the use of the semi-parametric Cox model with parametric models to determine the factors influencing the length of stay of patients in the inpatient units of Women Hospital in Tehran, Iran. In this historical cohort study all 3421 charts of the patients admitted to Obstetrics, Surgery and Oncology units in 2008 were reviewed and the required patient data such as medical insurance coverage types, admission months, days and times, inpatient units, final diagnoses, the number of diagnostic tests, admission types were collected. The patient length of stay in hospital 'leading to recovery' was considered as a survival variable. To compare the semi-parametric Cox model and parametric (including exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, log-normal, log-logistic and gamma) models and find the best model fitted to studied data, Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and Cox-Snell residual were used. P{\textless}0.05 was considered as statistically significant. AIC and Cox-Snell residual graph showed that the gamma model had the lowest AIC (4288.598) and the closest graph to the bisector. The results of the gamma model showed that factors affecting the patient length of stay were admission day, inpatient unit, related physician specialty, emergent admission, final diagnosis and the number of laboratory tests, radiographies and sonographies (P{\textless}0.05). The results showed that the gamma model provided a better fit to the studied data than the Cox proportional hazards model. Therefore, it is better for researchers of healthcare field to consider this model in their researches about the patient length of stay (LOS) if the assumption of proportional hazards is not fulfilled.},
language = {eng},
number = {10},
journal = {Acta medica Iranica},
author = {Ravangard, Ramin and Arab, Mohamad and Rashidian, Arash and Akbarisari, Ali and Zare, Ali and Zeraati, Hojjat},
year = {2011},
pmid = {22071639},
keywords = {Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Health Services Research, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Iran, Length of Stay, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Survival Analysis, Survival Rate, Time Factors, Women's Health Services},
pages = {650--658}
}Risks of stroke and mortality associated with suboptimal anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients. Gallagher, A. M., Setakis, E., Plumb, J. M., Clemens, A., & van Staa, T. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 106(5):968--977, November, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Atrial fibrillation (AF) carries an increased risk of ischaemic stroke, and oral anticoagulation with warfarin can reduce this risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between time in therapeutic International Normalised Ratio (INR) range when receiving warfarin and the risk of stroke and mortality. The study cohort included AF patients aged 40 years and older included in the UK General Practice Research Database. For patients treated with warfarin we computed the percentage of follow-up time spent within therapeutic range. Cox regression was used to assess the association between INR and outcomes while controlling for patient demographics, health status and concomitant medication. The study population included 27,458 warfarin-treated (with at least 3 INR measurements) and 10,449 patients not treated with antithrombotic therapy. Overall the warfarin users spent 63% of their time within therapeutic range (TTR). This percentage did not vary substantially by age, sex and CHA2DS2-VASc score. Patients who spent at least 70% of time within therapeutic range had a 79% reduced risk of stroke compared to patients with ≤30% of time in range (adjusted relative rate of 0.21; 95% confidence interval 0.18-0.25). Mortality rates were also significantly lower with at least 70% of time spent within therapeutic range. In conclusion, good anticoagulation control was associated with a reduction in the risk of stroke.
@article{gallagher_risks_2011,
title = {Risks of stroke and mortality associated with suboptimal anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients},
volume = {106},
issn = {0340-6245},
doi = {10.1160/TH11-05-0353},
abstract = {Atrial fibrillation (AF) carries an increased risk of ischaemic stroke, and oral anticoagulation with warfarin can reduce this risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between time in therapeutic International Normalised Ratio (INR) range when receiving warfarin and the risk of stroke and mortality. The study cohort included AF patients aged 40 years and older included in the UK General Practice Research Database. For patients treated with warfarin we computed the percentage of follow-up time spent within therapeutic range. Cox regression was used to assess the association between INR and outcomes while controlling for patient demographics, health status and concomitant medication. The study population included 27,458 warfarin-treated (with at least 3 INR measurements) and 10,449 patients not treated with antithrombotic therapy. Overall the warfarin users spent 63\% of their time within therapeutic range (TTR). This percentage did not vary substantially by age, sex and CHA2DS2-VASc score. Patients who spent at least 70\% of time within therapeutic range had a 79\% reduced risk of stroke compared to patients with ≤30\% of time in range (adjusted relative rate of 0.21; 95\% confidence interval 0.18-0.25). Mortality rates were also significantly lower with at least 70\% of time spent within therapeutic range. In conclusion, good anticoagulation control was associated with a reduction in the risk of stroke.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {Thrombosis and Haemostasis},
author = {Gallagher, A. M. and Setakis, E. and Plumb, J. M. and Clemens, A. and van Staa, T.-P.},
month = nov,
year = {2011},
pmid = {21901239},
keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anticoagulants, Atrial Fibrillation, Blood Coagulation, Drug Monitoring, Female, General Practice, Great Britain, Humans, International Normalized Ratio, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Warfarin, databases as topic, stroke},
pages = {968--977}
}Long-term use of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol fixed-dose combination and incidence of cataracts and glaucoma among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the UK General Practice Research Database. Miller, D. P., Watkins, S. E., Sampson, T., & Davis, K. J. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 6:467--476, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVES: Some large population-based studies have reported a dose-related increased risk of cataracts and glaucoma associated with use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the association between use of ICS-containing products, specifically fluticasone propionate/salmeterol fixed-dose combination (FSC), and incidence of cataracts and glaucoma among patients with COPD in a large electronic medical record database in the United Kingdom. METHODS: We identified a cohort of patients aged 45 years and over with COPD in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) between 2003 and 2006. Cases of incident cataracts or glaucoma were defined based on diagnosis and procedure codes and matched to controls from the risk set to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The association with FSC or ICS exposure was modeled using conditional logistic regression. Medication exposure was assessed with respect to recency, duration, and number of prescriptions prior to the index date. Average daily dose was defined as none, low (1-250 mcg), medium (251-500 mcg), high (501-1000 mcg), or very high (1001+ mcg) using fluticasone propionate (FP) equivalents. RESULTS: We identified 2941 incident cataract cases and 327 incident glaucoma cases in the COPD cohort (n = 53,191). FSC or ICS prescriptions were not associated with risk of incident cataracts or glaucoma for any exposure category, after adjusting for confounders. We observed a lack of a dose response in all analyses, where low dose was the reference group. The odds of cataracts associated with FSC dose were medium OR: 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9-1.4); high OR: 1.2 (95% CI: 0.9-1.5); and very high OR: 1.2 (95% CI: 0.9-1.7). The odds of glaucoma associated with FSC dose: medium OR: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.5-2.1); high OR: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.5-2.0); and very high OR: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.4-2.8). CONCLUSIONS: FSC or other ICS exposure was not associated with an increased odds of cataracts or glaucoma, nor was a dose-response relationship observed in this population-based nested case-control study of COPD patients in the United Kingdom.
@article{miller_long-term_2011,
title = {Long-term use of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol fixed-dose combination and incidence of cataracts and glaucoma among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
volume = {6},
issn = {1178-2005},
doi = {10.2147/COPD.S14247},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Some large population-based studies have reported a dose-related increased risk of cataracts and glaucoma associated with use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the association between use of ICS-containing products, specifically fluticasone propionate/salmeterol fixed-dose combination (FSC), and incidence of cataracts and glaucoma among patients with COPD in a large electronic medical record database in the United Kingdom.
METHODS: We identified a cohort of patients aged 45 years and over with COPD in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) between 2003 and 2006. Cases of incident cataracts or glaucoma were defined based on diagnosis and procedure codes and matched to controls from the risk set to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95\% confidence intervals (CI). The association with FSC or ICS exposure was modeled using conditional logistic regression. Medication exposure was assessed with respect to recency, duration, and number of prescriptions prior to the index date. Average daily dose was defined as none, low (1-250 mcg), medium (251-500 mcg), high (501-1000 mcg), or very high (1001+ mcg) using fluticasone propionate (FP) equivalents.
RESULTS: We identified 2941 incident cataract cases and 327 incident glaucoma cases in the COPD cohort (n = 53,191). FSC or ICS prescriptions were not associated with risk of incident cataracts or glaucoma for any exposure category, after adjusting for confounders. We observed a lack of a dose response in all analyses, where low dose was the reference group. The odds of cataracts associated with FSC dose were medium OR: 1.1 (95\% CI: 0.9-1.4); high OR: 1.2 (95\% CI: 0.9-1.5); and very high OR: 1.2 (95\% CI: 0.9-1.7). The odds of glaucoma associated with FSC dose: medium OR: 1.0 (95\% CI: 0.5-2.1); high OR: 1.0 (95\% CI: 0.5-2.0); and very high OR: 1.0 (95\% CI: 0.4-2.8).
CONCLUSIONS: FSC or other ICS exposure was not associated with an increased odds of cataracts or glaucoma, nor was a dose-response relationship observed in this population-based nested case-control study of COPD patients in the United Kingdom.},
language = {eng},
journal = {International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease},
author = {Miller, David P. and Watkins, Stephanie E. and Sampson, Tim and Davis, Kourtney J.},
year = {2011},
pmid = {22003292},
pmcid = {PMC3186745},
keywords = {Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Albuterol, Androstadienes, Bronchodilator Agents, Case-Control Studies, Cataract, Databases, Factual, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Combinations, Female, General Practice, Glaucoma, Great Britain, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Risk, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, cataracts, fluticasone propionate/salmeterol, incidence, inhaled corticosteroids},
pages = {467--476}
}Patterns of adult stepping cadence in the 2005-2006 NHANES. Tudor-Locke, C., Camhi, S., M., Leonardi, C., Johnson, W., D., Katzmarzyk, P., T., Earnest, C., P., & Church, T., S. Preventive medicine, 53(3):178-81, Elsevier Inc., 9, 2011.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex OBJECTIVE: Laboratory studies of adult walking behavior have consistently found that a cadence of 100 steps/min is a reasonable threshold for moderate intensity. The purpose of this study was to determine cadence patterns in free-living adults, and in particular, time spent at increasing cadence increments including 100 steps/min and beyond.
METHOD: 3744 adults ≥20 years provided at least one valid day (minimally 10/24 h of wear) of minute-by-minute accelerometer-determined step data during the 2005-2006 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Means for time spent (min/day) and steps/day were calculated for 8 cadence categories including zero and each incremental cadence band thereafter beginning with 1-19 through 100-119, and beyond to 120+steps/min.
RESULTS: U.S. adults accumulate ≅4.8 h/day of zero cadence during wearing time, ≅8.7 h between 1 and 59 steps/min, ≅16 min/day at cadences of 60-79 steps/min, ≅8 min at 80-99 steps/min, ≅5 min at 100-119 steps/min, and ≅2 min at 120+steps/min.
CONCLUSION: Self-selected walking at 100+steps/min was a rare phenomenon in this large free-living sample of the U.S. population, but study participants did accumulate ≅30 min/day at cadences of 60+steps/min.
@article{
title = {Patterns of adult stepping cadence in the 2005-2006 NHANES.},
type = {article},
year = {2011},
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pages = {178-81},
volume = {53},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21708187},
month = {9},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
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abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Laboratory studies of adult walking behavior have consistently found that a cadence of 100 steps/min is a reasonable threshold for moderate intensity. The purpose of this study was to determine cadence patterns in free-living adults, and in particular, time spent at increasing cadence increments including 100 steps/min and beyond.
METHOD: 3744 adults ≥20 years provided at least one valid day (minimally 10/24 h of wear) of minute-by-minute accelerometer-determined step data during the 2005-2006 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Means for time spent (min/day) and steps/day were calculated for 8 cadence categories including zero and each incremental cadence band thereafter beginning with 1-19 through 100-119, and beyond to 120+steps/min.
RESULTS: U.S. adults accumulate ≅4.8 h/day of zero cadence during wearing time, ≅8.7 h between 1 and 59 steps/min, ≅16 min/day at cadences of 60-79 steps/min, ≅8 min at 80-99 steps/min, ≅5 min at 100-119 steps/min, and ≅2 min at 120+steps/min.
CONCLUSION: Self-selected walking at 100+steps/min was a rare phenomenon in this large free-living sample of the U.S. population, but study participants did accumulate ≅30 min/day at cadences of 60+steps/min.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Tudor-Locke, Catrine and Camhi, Sarah M and Leonardi, Claudia and Johnson, William D and Katzmarzyk, Peter T and Earnest, Conrad P and Church, Timothy S},
journal = {Preventive medicine},
number = {3}
}Uterine perforation with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device: analysis of reports from four national pharmacovigilance centres. van Grootheest, K., Sachs, B., Harrison-Woolrych, M., Caduff-Janosa, P., & van Puijenbroek, E. Drug Safety, 34(1):83--88, January, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (LNG-IUD) are commonly used for contraception and other indications in many countries. National pharmacovigilance centres have been receiving reports from healthcare professionals and patients of uterine perforation associated with the use of these LNG-IUDs. METHODS: National pharmacovigilance centres in the Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland and Germany did a search on their adverse drug reaction databases for reports of cases of uterine perforation after insertion of a LNG-IUD received between the introduction of the LNG-IUD onto the market in the late 1990s and 15 July 2007. The number of women affected and patient characteristics such as age, parity and breastfeeding status were examined. In addition, the method of detection of the perforation and the time until discovery of the perforation were analysed. RESULTS: Between the introduction of the LNG-IUD onto the market in each country and 15 July 2007, 701 cases of uterine perforation with a LNG-IUD were reported; 8.5% of the perforations were detected at the time of insertion. Abdominal pain and control/check-up visits were the most common events that lead to the detection of a perforation. Of 462 women known to be parous, 192 (42%) were breastfeeding at the time the perforation was discovered. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine perforations can be asymptomatic and may remain undetected for a long time after IUD insertion. Abdominal pain, control/check-up visits or changes in bleeding patterns are triggers for detection of perforation and should therefore be taken seriously.
@article{van_grootheest_uterine_2011,
title = {Uterine perforation with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device: analysis of reports from four national pharmacovigilance centres},
volume = {34},
issn = {0114-5916},
shorttitle = {Uterine perforation with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device},
doi = {10.2165/11585050-000000000-00000},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (LNG-IUD) are commonly used for contraception and other indications in many countries. National pharmacovigilance centres have been receiving reports from healthcare professionals and patients of uterine perforation associated with the use of these LNG-IUDs.
METHODS: National pharmacovigilance centres in the Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland and Germany did a search on their adverse drug reaction databases for reports of cases of uterine perforation after insertion of a LNG-IUD received between the introduction of the LNG-IUD onto the market in the late 1990s and 15 July 2007. The number of women affected and patient characteristics such as age, parity and breastfeeding status were examined. In addition, the method of detection of the perforation and the time until discovery of the perforation were analysed.
RESULTS: Between the introduction of the LNG-IUD onto the market in each country and 15 July 2007, 701 cases of uterine perforation with a LNG-IUD were reported; 8.5\% of the perforations were detected at the time of insertion. Abdominal pain and control/check-up visits were the most common events that lead to the detection of a perforation. Of 462 women known to be parous, 192 (42\%) were breastfeeding at the time the perforation was discovered.
CONCLUSIONS: Uterine perforations can be asymptomatic and may remain undetected for a long time after IUD insertion. Abdominal pain, control/check-up visits or changes in bleeding patterns are triggers for detection of perforation and should therefore be taken seriously.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {Drug Safety},
author = {van Grootheest, Kees and Sachs, Bernhardt and Harrison-Woolrych, Mira and Caduff-Janosa, Pia and van Puijenbroek, Eugène},
month = jan,
year = {2011},
pmid = {21142273},
keywords = {Abdominal Pain, Adolescent, Adult, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Breast Feeding, Contraceptive Agents, Female, Databases, Factual, Female, Foreign-Body Migration, Humans, Intrauterine Devices, Medicated, Levonorgestrel, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Uterine Perforation, Young Adult},
pages = {83--88}
}Effect of emergency department in-hospital tele-electrocardiographic triage and interventional cardiologist activation of the infarct team on door-to-balloon times in ST-segment-elevation acute myocardial infarction. Chen, K., Yen, D. H., Chen, C., Young, M. S., & Yin, W. The American journal of cardiology, 107(10):1430–1435, May, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Current guidelines recommend that \textgreater75% of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) receive primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) within 90 minutes. The goal has been hardly achievable, so we conducted a 2-year before-and-after study to determine the impact of emergency department (ED) tele-electrocardiographic (tele-ECG) triage and interventional cardiologist activation of the infarct team at door-to-balloon time (D2BT) and the proportion of patients undergoing PPCI within 90 minutes since arrival. In total 105 consecutive patients with acute STEMI (mean age 62 ± 13 years, 82% men) were studied, 54 before and 51 after the change in protocol. The 51patients in the tele-ECG group underwent tele-electrocardiography at the ED and electrocardiograms were transmitted to a third-generation mobile telephone of an on-call interventional cardiologist within 10 minutes of ED arrival. The infarct team was activated and PPCI was performed by the interventional cardiologist. Fifty-four patients with acute STEMI who underwent PPCI in the year before implementation of tele-electrocardiography served as control subjects. Median D2BT of the tele-ECG group was 86 minutes, significantly shorter than the median time of 125 minutes of the control group (p \textless0.0001). The proportion of patients who achieved a D2BT \textless90 minutes increased from 44% in the control group to 76% in the tele-ECG group (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, implementation of ED tele-ECG triage and interventional cardiologist activation of the infarct team can significantly shorten D2BT and result in a larger proportion of patients achieving guideline recommendations.
@article{chen_effect_2011,
title = {Effect of emergency department in-hospital tele-electrocardiographic triage and interventional cardiologist activation of the infarct team on door-to-balloon times in {ST}-segment-elevation acute myocardial infarction},
volume = {107},
issn = {1879-1913},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.01.015},
abstract = {Current guidelines recommend that {\textgreater}75\% of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) receive primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) within 90 minutes. The goal has been hardly achievable, so we conducted a 2-year before-and-after study to determine the impact of emergency department (ED) tele-electrocardiographic (tele-ECG) triage and interventional cardiologist activation of the infarct team at door-to-balloon time (D2BT) and the proportion of patients undergoing PPCI within 90 minutes since arrival. In total 105 consecutive patients with acute STEMI (mean age 62 ± 13 years, 82\% men) were studied, 54 before and 51 after the change in protocol. The 51patients in the tele-ECG group underwent tele-electrocardiography at the ED and electrocardiograms were transmitted to a third-generation mobile telephone of an on-call interventional cardiologist within 10 minutes of ED arrival. The infarct team was activated and PPCI was performed by the interventional cardiologist. Fifty-four patients with acute STEMI who underwent PPCI in the year before implementation of tele-electrocardiography served as control subjects. Median D2BT of the tele-ECG group was 86 minutes, significantly shorter than the median time of 125 minutes of the control group (p {\textless}0.0001). The proportion of patients who achieved a D2BT {\textless}90 minutes increased from 44\% in the control group to 76\% in the tele-ECG group (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, implementation of ED tele-ECG triage and interventional cardiologist activation of the infarct team can significantly shorten D2BT and result in a larger proportion of patients achieving guideline recommendations.},
language = {eng},
number = {10},
journal = {The American journal of cardiology},
author = {Chen, Kuan-Chun and Yen, David Hung-Tsang and Chen, Chen-De and Young, Mason Shing and Yin, Wei-Hsian},
month = may,
year = {2011},
pmid = {21414598},
keywords = {Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Electrocardiography, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Service, Hospital, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Telemedicine, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Triage},
pages = {1430--1435}
}2010 (9)
iqr: A Tool for the Construction of Multi-level Simulations of Brain and Behaviour. Bernardet, U. & Verschure, P., F. Neuroinformatics, 8(2):113-34, Humana Press Inc., 2010.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex The brain is the most complex system we know of. Despite the wealth of data available in neuroscience, our understanding of this system is still very limited. Here we argue that an essential component in our arsenal of methods to advance our understanding of the brain is the construction of artificial brain-like systems. In this way we can encompass the multi-level organisation of the brain and its role in the context of the complete embodied real-world and real-time perceiving and behaving system. Hence, on the one hand, we must be able to develop and validate theories of brains as closing the loop between perception and action, and on the other hand as interacting with the real world. Evidence is growing that one of the sources of the computational power of neuronal systems lies in the massive and specific connectivity, rather than the complexity of single elements. To meet these challenges-multiple levels of organisation, sophisticated connectivity, and the interaction of neuronal models with the real-world-we have developed a multi-level neuronal simulation environment, iqr. This framework deals with these requirements by directly transforming them into the core elements of the simulation environment itself. iqr provides a means to design complex neuronal models graphically, and to visualise and analyse their properties on-line. In iqr connectivity is defined in a flexible, yet compact way, and simulations run at a high speed, which allows the control of real-world devices-robots in the broader sense-in real-time. The architecture of iqr is modular, providing the possibility to write new neuron, and synapse types, and custom interfaces to other hardware systems. The code of iqr is publicly accessible under the GNU General Public License (GPL). iqr has been in use since 1996 and has been the core tool for a large number of studies ranging from detailed models of neuronal systems like the cerebral cortex, and the cerebellum, to robot based models of perception, cognition and action to large-scale real-world systems. In addition, iqr has been widely used over many years to introduce students to neuronal simulation and neuromorphic control. In this paper we outline the conceptual and methodological background of iqr and its design philosophy. Thereafter we present iqr's main features and computational properties. Finally, we describe a number of projects using iqr, singling out how iqr is used for building a "synthetic insect".
@article{
title = {iqr: A Tool for the Construction of Multi-level Simulations of Brain and Behaviour.},
type = {article},
year = {2010},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Access to Information,Animal,Animals,Behavior,Behavior: physiology,Brain,Brain: physiology,Computer Simulation,Humans,Insects,Internet,Memory,Memory: physiology,Models,Neurological,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Robotics,Software,Synapses,Synapses: physiology,Time Factors,User-Computer Interface},
pages = {113-34},
volume = {8},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20502987},
publisher = {Humana Press Inc.},
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abstract = {The brain is the most complex system we know of. Despite the wealth of data available in neuroscience, our understanding of this system is still very limited. Here we argue that an essential component in our arsenal of methods to advance our understanding of the brain is the construction of artificial brain-like systems. In this way we can encompass the multi-level organisation of the brain and its role in the context of the complete embodied real-world and real-time perceiving and behaving system. Hence, on the one hand, we must be able to develop and validate theories of brains as closing the loop between perception and action, and on the other hand as interacting with the real world. Evidence is growing that one of the sources of the computational power of neuronal systems lies in the massive and specific connectivity, rather than the complexity of single elements. To meet these challenges-multiple levels of organisation, sophisticated connectivity, and the interaction of neuronal models with the real-world-we have developed a multi-level neuronal simulation environment, iqr. This framework deals with these requirements by directly transforming them into the core elements of the simulation environment itself. iqr provides a means to design complex neuronal models graphically, and to visualise and analyse their properties on-line. In iqr connectivity is defined in a flexible, yet compact way, and simulations run at a high speed, which allows the control of real-world devices-robots in the broader sense-in real-time. The architecture of iqr is modular, providing the possibility to write new neuron, and synapse types, and custom interfaces to other hardware systems. The code of iqr is publicly accessible under the GNU General Public License (GPL). iqr has been in use since 1996 and has been the core tool for a large number of studies ranging from detailed models of neuronal systems like the cerebral cortex, and the cerebellum, to robot based models of perception, cognition and action to large-scale real-world systems. In addition, iqr has been widely used over many years to introduce students to neuronal simulation and neuromorphic control. In this paper we outline the conceptual and methodological background of iqr and its design philosophy. Thereafter we present iqr's main features and computational properties. Finally, we describe a number of projects using iqr, singling out how iqr is used for building a "synthetic insect".},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Bernardet, Ulysses and Verschure, Paul F.M.J.},
journal = {Neuroinformatics},
number = {2}
}Behavior and serotonergic disorders in rats exposed prenatally to valproate: a model for autism. Dufour-Rainfray, D., Vourc'h, P., Guisquet, A. L., Garreau, L., Ternant, D., Bodard, S., Jaumain, E., Gulhan, Z., Belzung, C., Andres, C. R., Chalon, S., & Guilloteau, D. Neuroscience Letters, 470(1):55--59, February, 2010.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
In order to explore whether some aspects of the autistic phenotype could be related to impairment of the serotonergic system, we chose an animal model which mimics a potential cause of autism, i.e. rats exposed to valproate (VPA) on the 9th embryonic day (E9). Previous studies have suggested that VPA exposure in rats at E9 caused a dramatic shift in the distribution of serotonergic neurons on postnatal day 50 (PND50). Behavioral studies have also been performed but on rats that were exposed to VPA later (E12.5). Our aim was to test whether VPA exposure at E9 induces comparable behavioral impairments than at E12.5 and causes serotonergic impairments which could be related to behavioral modifications. The results showed significant behavioral impairments such as a lower tendency to initiate social interactions and hyperlocomotor activity in juvenile male rats. The serotonin levels of these animals at PND50 were decreased (-46%) in the hippocampus, a structure involved in social behavior. This study suggests that VPA could have a direct or indirect action on the serotonergic system as early as the progenitor cell stage. Early embryonic exposure to VPA in rats provides a good model for several specific aspects of autism and should help to continue to explore pathophysiological hypotheses.
@article{ dufour-rainfray_behavior_2010,
title = {Behavior and serotonergic disorders in rats exposed prenatally to valproate: a model for autism},
volume = {470},
issn = {1872-7972},
shorttitle = {Behavior and serotonergic disorders in rats exposed prenatally to valproate},
doi = {10.1016/j.neulet.2009.12.054},
abstract = {In order to explore whether some aspects of the autistic phenotype could be related to impairment of the serotonergic system, we chose an animal model which mimics a potential cause of autism, i.e. rats exposed to valproate ({VPA}) on the 9th embryonic day (E9). Previous studies have suggested that {VPA} exposure in rats at E9 caused a dramatic shift in the distribution of serotonergic neurons on postnatal day 50 ({PND}50). Behavioral studies have also been performed but on rats that were exposed to {VPA} later (E12.5). Our aim was to test whether {VPA} exposure at E9 induces comparable behavioral impairments than at E12.5 and causes serotonergic impairments which could be related to behavioral modifications. The results showed significant behavioral impairments such as a lower tendency to initiate social interactions and hyperlocomotor activity in juvenile male rats. The serotonin levels of these animals at {PND}50 were decreased (-46%) in the hippocampus, a structure involved in social behavior. This study suggests that {VPA} could have a direct or indirect action on the serotonergic system as early as the progenitor cell stage. Early embryonic exposure to {VPA} in rats provides a good model for several specific aspects of autism and should help to continue to explore pathophysiological hypotheses.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {Neuroscience Letters},
author = {Dufour-Rainfray, Diane and Vourc'h, Patrick and Le Guisquet, Anne-Marie and Garreau, Lucette and Ternant, David and Bodard, Sylvie and Jaumain, Emilie and Gulhan, Zuhal and Belzung, Catherine and Andres, Christian R. and Chalon, Sylvie and Guilloteau, Denis},
month = {February},
year = {2010},
pmid = {20036713},
keywords = {Animals, Autistic Disorder, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Female, {GABA} Agents, Hippocampus, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Male, Motor Activity, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, {RNA}-Binding Proteins, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Serotonin, Social Behavior, Time Factors, Valproic Acid},
pages = {55--59}
}Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: prospective observational study in UK General Practice Research Database. Cornish, R., Macleod, J., Strang, J., Vickerman, P., & Hickman, M. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 341:c5475, 2010.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of opiate substitution treatment at the beginning and end of treatment and according to duration of treatment. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Setting UK General Practice Research Database. PARTICIPANTS: Primary care patients with a diagnosis of substance misuse prescribed methadone or buprenorphine during 1990-2005. 5577 patients with 267 003 prescriptions for opiate substitution treatment followed-up (17 732 years) until one year after the expiry of their last prescription, the date of death before this time had elapsed, or the date of transfer away from the practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality rates and rate ratios comparing periods in and out of treatment adjusted for sex, age, calendar year, and comorbidity; standardised mortality ratios comparing opiate users' mortality with general population mortality rates. RESULTS: Crude mortality rates were 0.7 per 100 person years on opiate substitution treatment and 1.3 per 100 person years off treatment; standardised mortality ratios were 5.3 (95% confidence interval 4.0 to 6.8) on treatment and 10.9 (9.0 to 13.1) off treatment. Men using opiates had approximately twice the risk of death of women (morality rate ratio 2.0, 1.4 to 2.9). In the first two weeks of opiate substitution treatment the crude mortality rate was 1.7 per 100 person years: 3.1 (1.5 to 6.6) times higher (after adjustment for sex, age group, calendar period, and comorbidity) than the rate during the rest of time on treatment. The crude mortality rate was 4.8 per 100 person years in weeks 1-2 after treatment stopped, 4.3 in weeks 3-4, and 0.95 during the rest of time off treatment: 9 (5.4 to 14.9), 8 (4.7 to 13.7), and 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) times higher than the baseline risk of mortality during treatment. Opiate substitution treatment has a greater than 85% chance of reducing overall mortality among opiate users if the average duration approaches or exceeds 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and patients should be aware of the increased mortality risk at the start of opiate substitution treatment and immediately after stopping treatment. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of average duration of opiate substitution treatment on drug related mortality.
@article{cornish_risk_2010,
title = {Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: prospective observational study in {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
volume = {341},
issn = {1756-1833},
shorttitle = {Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of opiate substitution treatment at the beginning and end of treatment and according to duration of treatment.
DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Setting UK General Practice Research Database.
PARTICIPANTS: Primary care patients with a diagnosis of substance misuse prescribed methadone or buprenorphine during 1990-2005. 5577 patients with 267 003 prescriptions for opiate substitution treatment followed-up (17 732 years) until one year after the expiry of their last prescription, the date of death before this time had elapsed, or the date of transfer away from the practice.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality rates and rate ratios comparing periods in and out of treatment adjusted for sex, age, calendar year, and comorbidity; standardised mortality ratios comparing opiate users' mortality with general population mortality rates.
RESULTS: Crude mortality rates were 0.7 per 100 person years on opiate substitution treatment and 1.3 per 100 person years off treatment; standardised mortality ratios were 5.3 (95\% confidence interval 4.0 to 6.8) on treatment and 10.9 (9.0 to 13.1) off treatment. Men using opiates had approximately twice the risk of death of women (morality rate ratio 2.0, 1.4 to 2.9). In the first two weeks of opiate substitution treatment the crude mortality rate was 1.7 per 100 person years: 3.1 (1.5 to 6.6) times higher (after adjustment for sex, age group, calendar period, and comorbidity) than the rate during the rest of time on treatment. The crude mortality rate was 4.8 per 100 person years in weeks 1-2 after treatment stopped, 4.3 in weeks 3-4, and 0.95 during the rest of time off treatment: 9 (5.4 to 14.9), 8 (4.7 to 13.7), and 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) times higher than the baseline risk of mortality during treatment. Opiate substitution treatment has a greater than 85\% chance of reducing overall mortality among opiate users if the average duration approaches or exceeds 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and patients should be aware of the increased mortality risk at the start of opiate substitution treatment and immediately after stopping treatment. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of average duration of opiate substitution treatment on drug related mortality.},
language = {eng},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
author = {Cornish, Rosie and Macleod, John and Strang, John and Vickerman, Peter and Hickman, Matt},
year = {2010},
pmid = {20978062},
pmcid = {PMC2965139},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Buprenorphine, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Methadone, Middle Aged, Narcotics, Opioid-Related Disorders, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Young Adult},
pages = {c5475}
}A large atomic chlorine source inferred from mid-continental reactive nitrogen chemistry. Thornton, J., a., Kercher, J., P., Riedel, T., P., Wagner, N., L., Cozic, J., Holloway, J., S., Dubé, W., P., Wolfe, G., M., Quinn, P., K., Middlebrook, A., M., Alexander, B., & Brown, S., S. Nature, 464(7286):271-4, 3, 2010.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex Halogen atoms and oxides are highly reactive and can profoundly affect atmospheric composition. Chlorine atoms can decrease the lifetimes of gaseous elemental mercury and hydrocarbons such as the greenhouse gas methane. Chlorine atoms also influence cycles that catalytically destroy or produce tropospheric ozone, a greenhouse gas potentially toxic to plant and animal life. Conversion of inorganic chloride into gaseous chlorine atom precursors within the troposphere is generally considered a coastal or marine air phenomenon. Here we report mid-continental observations of the chlorine atom precursor nitryl chloride at a distance of 1,400 km from the nearest coastline. We observe persistent and significant nitryl chloride production relative to the consumption of its nitrogen oxide precursors. Comparison of these findings to model predictions based on aerosol and precipitation composition data from long-term monitoring networks suggests nitryl chloride production in the contiguous USA alone is at a level similar to previous global estimates for coastal and marine regions. We also suggest that a significant fraction of tropospheric chlorine atoms may arise directly from anthropogenic pollutants.
@article{
title = {A large atomic chlorine source inferred from mid-continental reactive nitrogen chemistry.},
type = {article},
year = {2010},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Aerosols,Aerosols: chemistry,Air,Air: analysis,Atmosphere,Atmosphere: chemistry,Chlorine,Chlorine: chemistry,Colorado,Models, Chemical,Nitrites,Nitrites: analysis,Nitrites: chemistry,Nitrogen,Nitrogen Oxides,Nitrogen Oxides: chemistry,Nitrogen: chemistry,Time Factors},
pages = {271-4},
volume = {464},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20220847},
month = {3},
day = {11},
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abstract = {Halogen atoms and oxides are highly reactive and can profoundly affect atmospheric composition. Chlorine atoms can decrease the lifetimes of gaseous elemental mercury and hydrocarbons such as the greenhouse gas methane. Chlorine atoms also influence cycles that catalytically destroy or produce tropospheric ozone, a greenhouse gas potentially toxic to plant and animal life. Conversion of inorganic chloride into gaseous chlorine atom precursors within the troposphere is generally considered a coastal or marine air phenomenon. Here we report mid-continental observations of the chlorine atom precursor nitryl chloride at a distance of 1,400 km from the nearest coastline. We observe persistent and significant nitryl chloride production relative to the consumption of its nitrogen oxide precursors. Comparison of these findings to model predictions based on aerosol and precipitation composition data from long-term monitoring networks suggests nitryl chloride production in the contiguous USA alone is at a level similar to previous global estimates for coastal and marine regions. We also suggest that a significant fraction of tropospheric chlorine atoms may arise directly from anthropogenic pollutants.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Thornton, Joel a and Kercher, James P and Riedel, Theran P and Wagner, Nicholas L and Cozic, Julie and Holloway, John S and Dubé, William P and Wolfe, Glenn M and Quinn, Patricia K and Middlebrook, Ann M and Alexander, Becky and Brown, Steven S},
journal = {Nature},
number = {7286}
}Unintended effects of a computerized physician order entry nearly hard-stop alert to prevent a drug interaction: a randomized controlled trial. Strom, B. L, Schinnar, R., Aberra, F., Bilker, W., Hennessy, S., Leonard, C. E, & Pifer, E. Archives of internal medicine, 170(17):1578–1583, September, 2010.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems has been modest, largely because clinicians frequently override electronic alerts. METHODS: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nearly "hard stop" CPOE prescribing alert intended to reduce concomitant orders for warfarin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a randomized clinical trial was conducted at 2 academic medical centers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A total of 1981 clinicians were assigned to either an intervention group receiving a nearly hard stop alert or a control group receiving the standard practice. The study duration was August 9, 2006, through February 13, 2007. RESULTS: The proportion of desired responses (ie, not reordering the alert-triggering drug within 10 minutes of firing) was 57.2% (111 of 194 hard stop alerts) in the intervention group and 13.5% (20 of 148) in the control group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.045-0.33). However, the study was terminated early because of 4 unintended consequences identified among patients in the intervention group: a delay of treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 2 patients and a delay of treatment with warfarin in another 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: An electronic hard stop alert as part of an inpatient CPOE system seemed to be extremely effective in changing prescribing. However, this intervention precipitated clinically important treatment delays in 4 patients who needed immediate drug therapy. These results illustrate the importance of formal evaluation and monitoring for unintended consequences of programmatic interventions intended to improve prescribing habits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00870298.
@article{strom_unintended_2010,
title = {Unintended effects of a computerized physician order entry nearly hard-stop alert to prevent a drug interaction: a randomized controlled trial},
volume = {170},
issn = {1538-3679},
shorttitle = {Unintended effects of a computerized physician order entry nearly hard-stop alert to prevent a drug interaction},
doi = {10.1001/archinternmed.2010.324},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems has been modest, largely because clinicians frequently override electronic alerts.
METHODS: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nearly "hard stop" CPOE prescribing alert intended to reduce concomitant orders for warfarin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a randomized clinical trial was conducted at 2 academic medical centers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A total of 1981 clinicians were assigned to either an intervention group receiving a nearly hard stop alert or a control group receiving the standard practice. The study duration was August 9, 2006, through February 13, 2007.
RESULTS: The proportion of desired responses (ie, not reordering the alert-triggering drug within 10 minutes of firing) was 57.2\% (111 of 194 hard stop alerts) in the intervention group and 13.5\% (20 of 148) in the control group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.12; 95\% confidence interval, 0.045-0.33). However, the study was terminated early because of 4 unintended consequences identified among patients in the intervention group: a delay of treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 2 patients and a delay of treatment with warfarin in another 2 patients.
CONCLUSIONS: An electronic hard stop alert as part of an inpatient CPOE system seemed to be extremely effective in changing prescribing. However, this intervention precipitated clinically important treatment delays in 4 patients who needed immediate drug therapy. These results illustrate the importance of formal evaluation and monitoring for unintended consequences of programmatic interventions intended to improve prescribing habits.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00870298.},
language = {eng},
number = {17},
journal = {Archives of internal medicine},
author = {Strom, Brian L and Schinnar, Rita and Aberra, Faten and Bilker, Warren and Hennessy, Sean and Leonard, Charles E and Pifer, Eric},
month = sep,
year = {2010},
pmid = {20876410},
keywords = {Anti-Infective Agents, Anticoagulants, Decision Making, Computer-Assisted, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Drug Interactions, Drug Prescriptions, Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Electronic prescribing, Hemorrhage, Humans, Medical Order Entry Systems, Medication Errors, Medication Systems, Hospital, Odds Ratio, Philadelphia, Reminder Systems, Time Factors, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination, Warfarin},
pages = {1578--1583}
}Assessing the quality of surgical care in vascular surgery; moving from outcome towards structural and process measures. Ploeg, A. J., Flu, H. C., Lardenoye, J. H. P., Hamming, J. F., & Breslau, P. J. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery: The Official Journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 40(6):696–707, December, 2010.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVES: This study presents a review of studies reporting on quality of care in vascular surgery. The aim of this study was to provide insight in quality improvement initiatives in vascular surgery. DESIGN: Original data were collected from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Inclusion criteria were: description of one of the three factors of quality of care, e.g. process, outcome or structure and prospectively described. All articles identified were ascribed to a domain of quality of care. RESULTS: 57 prospective articles were included, drawn from 859 eligible reports. Structure as an indicator of quality of care was described in 19 reports, process in 7 reports and outcome in 31 reports. Most studies based on structural measures considered the introduction of a clinical pathway or a registration system. Reports based on process measures showed promising results. Outcome as clinical indicator mainly focussed on identifying risk factors for morbidity, mortality or failure of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Structure and process indicators are evaluated scarcely in vascular surgery. Many studies in vascular surgery have been focussed on outcomes as indicator of quality of care, but a shift towards process measures should be considered as focus of attention in the future.
@article{ploeg_assessing_2010,
title = {Assessing the quality of surgical care in vascular surgery; moving from outcome towards structural and process measures},
volume = {40},
issn = {1532-2165},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.05.010},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study presents a review of studies reporting on quality of care in vascular surgery. The aim of this study was to provide insight in quality improvement initiatives in vascular surgery.
DESIGN: Original data were collected from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Inclusion criteria were: description of one of the three factors of quality of care, e.g. process, outcome or structure and prospectively described. All articles identified were ascribed to a domain of quality of care.
RESULTS: 57 prospective articles were included, drawn from 859 eligible reports. Structure as an indicator of quality of care was described in 19 reports, process in 7 reports and outcome in 31 reports. Most studies based on structural measures considered the introduction of a clinical pathway or a registration system. Reports based on process measures showed promising results. Outcome as clinical indicator mainly focussed on identifying risk factors for morbidity, mortality or failure of treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Structure and process indicators are evaluated scarcely in vascular surgery. Many studies in vascular surgery have been focussed on outcomes as indicator of quality of care, but a shift towards process measures should be considered as focus of attention in the future.},
language = {eng},
number = {6},
journal = {European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery: The Official Journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery},
author = {Ploeg, A. J. and Flu, H. C. and Lardenoye, J. H. P. and Hamming, J. F. and Breslau, P. J.},
month = dec,
year = {2010},
pmid = {20889355},
keywords = {Critical Pathways, Health Services Research, Humans, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Prospective Studies, Quality Indicators, Health Care, Research Design, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Vascular Surgical Procedures},
pages = {696--707}
}Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. Bodmer, M., Meier, C., Krähenbühl, S., Jick, S. S., & Meier, C. R. Diabetes Care, 33(6):1304--1308, June, 2010.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether use of oral hypoglycemic agents is associated with an altered breast cancer risk in women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database, we conducted a nested case-control analysis among 22,621 female users of oral antidiabetes drugs with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated whether they had an altered risk of breast cancer in relation to use of various types of oral hypoglycemic agents. Case and control patients with a recorded diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were matched on age, calendar time, and general practice, and the multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were further adjusted for use of oral antidiabetes drugs, insulin, estrogens, smoking BMI, diabetes duration, and HbA1c (A1C). RESULTS: We identified 305 case patients with a recorded incident diagnosis of breast cancer. The mean +/- SD age was 67.5 +/- 10.5 years at the time of the cancer diagnosis. Long-term use of \textgreateror=40 prescriptions (\textgreater5 years) of metformin, based on 17 exposed case patients and 120 exposed control patients, was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.44 (95% CI 0.24-0.82) for developing breast cancer compared with no use of metformin. Neither short-term metformin use nor use of sulfonylureas or other antidiabetes drugs was associated with a materially altered risk for breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: A decreased risk of breast cancer was observed in female patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin on a long-term basis.
@article{bodmer_long-term_2010,
title = {Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer},
volume = {33},
issn = {1935-5548},
doi = {10.2337/dc09-1791},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether use of oral hypoglycemic agents is associated with an altered breast cancer risk in women.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database, we conducted a nested case-control analysis among 22,621 female users of oral antidiabetes drugs with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated whether they had an altered risk of breast cancer in relation to use of various types of oral hypoglycemic agents. Case and control patients with a recorded diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were matched on age, calendar time, and general practice, and the multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were further adjusted for use of oral antidiabetes drugs, insulin, estrogens, smoking BMI, diabetes duration, and HbA1c (A1C).
RESULTS: We identified 305 case patients with a recorded incident diagnosis of breast cancer. The mean +/- SD age was 67.5 +/- 10.5 years at the time of the cancer diagnosis. Long-term use of {\textgreater}or=40 prescriptions ({\textgreater}5 years) of metformin, based on 17 exposed case patients and 120 exposed control patients, was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.44 (95\% CI 0.24-0.82) for developing breast cancer compared with no use of metformin. Neither short-term metformin use nor use of sulfonylureas or other antidiabetes drugs was associated with a materially altered risk for breast cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: A decreased risk of breast cancer was observed in female patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin on a long-term basis.},
language = {eng},
number = {6},
journal = {Diabetes Care},
author = {Bodmer, Michael and Meier, Christian and Krähenbühl, Stephan and Jick, Susan S. and Meier, Christoph R.},
month = jun,
year = {2010},
pmid = {20299480},
pmcid = {PMC2875444},
keywords = {Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Metformin, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Time Factors},
pages = {1304--1308}
}Selection of microalgae for lipid production under high levels carbon dioxide. Yoo, C., Jun, S., Lee, J., Ahn, C., & Oh, H. Bioresource technology, 101 Suppl(1):S71-4, Elsevier Ltd, 1, 2010.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex To select microalgae with a high biomass and lipid productivity, Botryococcus braunii, Chlorella vulgaris, and Scenedesmus sp. were cultivated with ambient air containing 10% CO(2) and flue gas. The biomass and lipid productivity for Scenedesmus sp. with 10% CO(2) were 217.50 and 20.65 mg L(-1)d(-1) (9% of biomass), while those for B. braunii were 26.55 and 5.51 mg L(-1)d(-1) (21% of biomass). With flue gas, the lipid productivity for Scenedesmus sp. and B. braunii was increased 1.9-fold (39.44 mg L(-1)d(-1)) and 3.7-fold (20.65 mg L(-1)d(-1)), respectively. Oleic acid, a main component of biodiesel, occupied 55% among the fatty acids in B. braunii. Therefore, the present results suggested that Scenedesmus sp. is appropriate for mitigating CO(2), due to its high biomass productivity and C-fixation ability, whereas B. braunii is appropriate for producing biodiesel, due to its high lipid content and oleic acid proportion.
@article{
title = {Selection of microalgae for lipid production under high levels carbon dioxide.},
type = {article},
year = {2010},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Algae,Biomass,Bioreactors,Carbon Dioxide,Carbon Dioxide: analysis,Carbon Dioxide: metabolism,Carbon Dioxide: pharmacology,Cell Culture Techniques,Dose-Response Relationship,Drug,Green,Green: classification,Green: drug effects,Green: growth & development,Green: metabolism,Lipid Metabolism,Temperature,Time Factors},
pages = {S71-4},
volume = {101 Suppl},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19362826},
month = {1},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
id = {0ff98dc7-e3ea-365b-9e8e-adb6c77bfff1},
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last_modified = {2013-05-23T09:44:33.000Z},
tags = {CO2,characterization},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {To select microalgae with a high biomass and lipid productivity, Botryococcus braunii, Chlorella vulgaris, and Scenedesmus sp. were cultivated with ambient air containing 10% CO(2) and flue gas. The biomass and lipid productivity for Scenedesmus sp. with 10% CO(2) were 217.50 and 20.65 mg L(-1)d(-1) (9% of biomass), while those for B. braunii were 26.55 and 5.51 mg L(-1)d(-1) (21% of biomass). With flue gas, the lipid productivity for Scenedesmus sp. and B. braunii was increased 1.9-fold (39.44 mg L(-1)d(-1)) and 3.7-fold (20.65 mg L(-1)d(-1)), respectively. Oleic acid, a main component of biodiesel, occupied 55% among the fatty acids in B. braunii. Therefore, the present results suggested that Scenedesmus sp. is appropriate for mitigating CO(2), due to its high biomass productivity and C-fixation ability, whereas B. braunii is appropriate for producing biodiesel, due to its high lipid content and oleic acid proportion.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Yoo, Chan and Jun, So-Young and Lee, Jae-Yon and Ahn, Chi-Yong and Oh, Hee-Mock},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
number = {1}
}Resistive glass IM-TOFMS. Kaplan, K., Graf, S., Tanner, C., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Knochenmuss, R., Dwivedi, P., & Hill, H., H. Analytical chemistry, 82(22):9336-43, 11, 2010.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex The design of a new ion mobility mass spectrometer (IM-MS) is presented. This new design features an ambient-pressure resistive glass ion mobility drift tube (RGIMS) coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) by an enhanced interface that includes two segmented quadrupoles. The interface design demonstrates an increase in sensitivity while maintaining high resolving power typically achieved for ambient-pressure IMS drift tubes. Performance of the prototype instrument was evaluated and the analytical figures of merit for standard solutions as well as complex samples such as human blood were determined. For a 3 μM solution of caffeine, the peak was collected in 36 s and gave a response of 10 counts/s. The detection limit (defined as 1 count/s) was calculated to be 300 nM concentration of caffeine from the response rate from the 36 s run. Controlled fragmentation of caffeine was achieved through adjustment of voltages applied on the interface lenses. Over 300 tentative metabolites were detected in human blood along with 80 isomers/isobars with ion counts >5. Isotope ratios from extracted mass spectra of selected mobility peaks were used to identify selected metabolite compounds. High separation power for both IMS (resolving power, t(d)/Δt(w1/2), was 85) and MS (mass resolving power, m/Δm, maximum was 7000 with a mass accuracy between 2 and 10 ppm) was measured. Developed software for data acquisition, control and display allowed flexibility in instrument control, data evaluation and visualization.
@article{
title = {Resistive glass IM-TOFMS.},
type = {article},
year = {2010},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Blood Chemical Analysis,Caffeine,Caffeine: chemistry,Equipment Design,Glass,Humans,Limit of Detection,Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry: instrumentation,Metabolome,Pressure,Time Factors},
pages = {9336-43},
volume = {82},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20964441},
month = {11},
day = {15},
id = {379d4045-719b-358b-9a5e-3120bbd5852a},
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<m:bold>From Duplicate 1 ( </m:bold>
<m:bold>
<m:italic>Resistive glass IM-TOFMS.</m:italic>
</m:bold>
<m:bold> - Kaplan, Kimberly; Graf, Stephan; Tanner, Christian; Gonin, Marc; Fuhrer, Katrin; Knochenmuss, Richard; Dwivedi, Prabha; Hill, Herbert H )<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>
</m:bold>
<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>
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},
abstract = {The design of a new ion mobility mass spectrometer (IM-MS) is presented. This new design features an ambient-pressure resistive glass ion mobility drift tube (RGIMS) coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) by an enhanced interface that includes two segmented quadrupoles. The interface design demonstrates an increase in sensitivity while maintaining high resolving power typically achieved for ambient-pressure IMS drift tubes. Performance of the prototype instrument was evaluated and the analytical figures of merit for standard solutions as well as complex samples such as human blood were determined. For a 3 μM solution of caffeine, the peak was collected in 36 s and gave a response of 10 counts/s. The detection limit (defined as 1 count/s) was calculated to be 300 nM concentration of caffeine from the response rate from the 36 s run. Controlled fragmentation of caffeine was achieved through adjustment of voltages applied on the interface lenses. Over 300 tentative metabolites were detected in human blood along with 80 isomers/isobars with ion counts >5. Isotope ratios from extracted mass spectra of selected mobility peaks were used to identify selected metabolite compounds. High separation power for both IMS (resolving power, t(d)/Δt(w1/2), was 85) and MS (mass resolving power, m/Δm, maximum was 7000 with a mass accuracy between 2 and 10 ppm) was measured. Developed software for data acquisition, control and display allowed flexibility in instrument control, data evaluation and visualization.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Kaplan, Kimberly and Graf, Stephan and Tanner, Christian and Gonin, Marc and Fuhrer, Katrin and Knochenmuss, Richard and Dwivedi, Prabha and Hill, Herbert H},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
number = {22}
}2009 (15)
mhFLIM: Resolution of heterogeneous fluorescence decays in widefield lifetime microscopy. Schlachter, S., Elder, Esposito, Kaminski, Frank, Geest, V., Elder, a., D., Esposito, A., Kaminski, G., S., Frank, J., H., van Geest, L., K., & Kaminski, C., F. Optics Express, 17(3):1557-1570, 1, 2009.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex Frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) is a fast and accurate way of measuring fluorescence lifetimes in widefield microscopy. However, the resolution of multiple exponential fluorescence decays has remained beyond the reach of most practical FD-FLIM systems. In this paper we describe the implementation of FD-FLIM using a 40MHz pulse train derived from a supercontinuum source for excitation. The technique, which we term multi-harmonic FLIM (mhFLIM), makes it possible to accurately resolve biexponential decays of fluorophores without any a priori information. The system's performance is demonstrated using a mixture of spectrally similar dyes of known composition and also on a multiply-labeled biological sample. The results are compared to those obtained from time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) microscopy and a good level of agreement is achieved. We also demonstrate the first practical application of an algorithm derived by G. Weber [1] for analysing mhFLIM data. Because it does not require nonlinear minimisation, it offers potential for realtime analysis during acquisition. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
@article{
title = {mhFLIM: Resolution of heterogeneous fluorescence decays in widefield lifetime microscopy},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Algorithms,Calibration,Cell Line,Coloring Agents,Coloring Agents: chemistry,Energy-Transfer,Flim,Fluorescence,Fourier Analysis,Frequency-Domain,Humans,Imaging Microscopy,Living Cells,Microscopy,Microscopy: instrumentation,Microscopy: methods,Phase,Solutions,System,Time Factors,Tumor},
pages = {1557-1570},
volume = {17},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188985,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=000263432400044,file://localhost/Users/cfk23/Documents/Papers/2009/Schlachter/Opt Express 2009 Schlachter.pdf,papers://5b342310-4c1b-4925-bbf8-38f14091331d/Paper/p51},
month = {1},
day = {2},
city = {Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge CB2 1RA, England},
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abstract = {Frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) is a fast and accurate way of measuring fluorescence lifetimes in widefield microscopy. However, the resolution of multiple exponential fluorescence decays has remained beyond the reach of most practical FD-FLIM systems. In this paper we describe the implementation of FD-FLIM using a 40MHz pulse train derived from a supercontinuum source for excitation. The technique, which we term multi-harmonic FLIM (mhFLIM), makes it possible to accurately resolve biexponential decays of fluorophores without any a priori information. The system's performance is demonstrated using a mixture of spectrally similar dyes of known composition and also on a multiply-labeled biological sample. The results are compared to those obtained from time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) microscopy and a good level of agreement is achieved. We also demonstrate the first practical application of an algorithm derived by G. Weber [1] for analysing mhFLIM data. Because it does not require nonlinear minimisation, it offers potential for realtime analysis during acquisition. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Schlachter, S and Elder, undefined and Esposito, undefined and Kaminski, undefined and Frank, undefined and Geest, Van and Elder, a D and Esposito, A and Kaminski, G S and Frank, J H and van Geest, L K and Kaminski, C F},
journal = {Optics Express},
number = {3}
}A new learning paradigm: learning using privileged information. Vapnik, V. & Vashist, A. Neural Networks, 22(5-6):544--57, Elsevier Ltd, 2009.
doi bibtex
doi bibtex
@Article{Vapnik_2009_15070,
author = {Vapnik, V. and Vashist, A.},
journal = {Neural Networks},
number = {5-6},
pages = {544--57},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {A new learning paradigm: learning using privileged information.},
volume = {22},
year = {2009},
issn = {1879-2782},
keywords = {Algorithms,Artificial Intelligence,Bayes Theorem,Databases, Genetic,Forecasting,Forecasting: methods,Information Dissemination,Language,Learning,Mathematical Concepts,Protein Conformation,Proteins,Proteins: classification,Sequence Analysis, Protein,Sequence Analysis, Protein: methods,Time Factors},
doi = {10.1016/j.neunet.2009.06.042},
pmid = {19632812},
title_with_no_special_chars = {A new learning paradigm learning using privileged information}
}A new tool for assessing human movement: the Kinematic Assessment Tool. Culmer, P., R., Levesley, M., C., Mon-Williams, M., & Williams, J., H., G. Journal of neuroscience methods, 184(1):184-92, 10, 2009.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex The study of human behaviour ultimately requires the documentation of human movement. In some instances movements can be recorded through a simple button press on a computer input device. In other situations responses can be captured through questionnaire surveys. Nevertheless, there is a need within many neuroscience settings to capture how complex movements unfold over time (human kinematics). Current methods of measuring human kinematics range from accurate but multifarious laboratory configurations to portable but simplistic and time-consuming paper and pen methods. We describe a new system for recording the end-point of human movement that has the power of laboratory measures but the advantages of pen-and-paper tests: the Kinematic Assessment Tool. KAT provides a highly portable system capable of measuring human movement in configurable visual-spatial tasks. The usefulness of the system is shown in a study where 12 participants undertook a tracing and copying task using their preferred and non-preferred hand. The results show that it is possible to capture behaviour within complex tasks and quantify performance using objective measures automatically generated by the KAT system. The utility of these measures was indexed by our ability to distinguish the performance of the preferred and non-preferred hand using a single variable.
@article{
title = {A new tool for assessing human movement: the Kinematic Assessment Tool.},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
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keywords = {Adult,Biomechanical Phenomena,Computers,Hand,Humans,Motor Activity,Movement,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted,Software,Task Performance and Analysis,Time Factors,Young Adult},
pages = {184-92},
volume = {184},
websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016502700900404X},
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abstract = {The study of human behaviour ultimately requires the documentation of human movement. In some instances movements can be recorded through a simple button press on a computer input device. In other situations responses can be captured through questionnaire surveys. Nevertheless, there is a need within many neuroscience settings to capture how complex movements unfold over time (human kinematics). Current methods of measuring human kinematics range from accurate but multifarious laboratory configurations to portable but simplistic and time-consuming paper and pen methods. We describe a new system for recording the end-point of human movement that has the power of laboratory measures but the advantages of pen-and-paper tests: the Kinematic Assessment Tool. KAT provides a highly portable system capable of measuring human movement in configurable visual-spatial tasks. The usefulness of the system is shown in a study where 12 participants undertook a tracing and copying task using their preferred and non-preferred hand. The results show that it is possible to capture behaviour within complex tasks and quantify performance using objective measures automatically generated by the KAT system. The utility of these measures was indexed by our ability to distinguish the performance of the preferred and non-preferred hand using a single variable.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Culmer, Peter R and Levesley, Martin C and Mon-Williams, Mark and Williams, Justin H G},
journal = {Journal of neuroscience methods},
number = {1}
}New particle formation in forests inhibited by isoprene emissions. Kiendler-Scharr, A., Wildt, J., Dal Maso, M., Hohaus, T., Kleist, E., Mentel, T., F., Tillmann, R., Uerlings, R., Schurr, U., & Wahner, A. Nature, 461(7262):381-4, 9, 2009.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex It has been suggested that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are involved in organic aerosol formation, which in turn affects radiative forcing and climate. The most abundant VOCs emitted by terrestrial vegetation are isoprene and its derivatives, such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. New particle formation in boreal regions is related to monoterpene emissions and causes an estimated negative radiative forcing of about -0.2 to -0.9 W m(-2). The annual variation in aerosol growth rates during particle nucleation events correlates with the seasonality of monoterpene emissions of the local vegetation, with a maximum during summer. The frequency of nucleation events peaks, however, in spring and autumn. Here we present evidence from simulation experiments conducted in a plant chamber that isoprene can significantly inhibit new particle formation. The process leading to the observed decrease in particle number concentration is linked to the high reactivity of isoprene with the hydroxyl radical (OH). The suppression is stronger with higher concentrations of isoprene, but with little dependence on the specific VOC mixture emitted by trees. A parameterization of the observed suppression factor as a function of isoprene concentration suggests that the number of new particles produced depends on the OH concentration and VOCs involved in the production of new particles undergo three to four steps of oxidation by OH. Our measurements simulate conditions that are typical for forested regions and may explain the observed seasonality in the frequency of aerosol nucleation events, with a lower number of nucleation events during summer compared to autumn and spring. Biogenic emissions of isoprene are controlled by temperature and light, and if the relative isoprene abundance of biogenic VOC emissions increases in response to climate change or land use change, the new particle formation potential may decrease, thus damping the aerosol negative radiative forcing effect.
@article{
title = {New particle formation in forests inhibited by isoprene emissions.},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Aerosols,Aerosols: analysis,Aerosols: metabolism,Air,Air: analysis,Betula,Betula: drug effects,Betula: metabolism,Butadienes,Butadienes: analysis,Butadienes: pharmacology,Carbon,Carbon: analysis,Environment, Controlled,Fagus,Fagus: drug effects,Fagus: metabolism,Hemiterpenes,Hemiterpenes: analysis,Hemiterpenes: pharmacology,Hemiterpenes: secretion,Hydroxyl Radical,Hydroxyl Radical: analysis,Hydroxyl Radical: metabolism,Light,Monoterpenes,Monoterpenes: metabolism,Monoterpenes: pharmacology,Oxidation-Reduction,Pentanes,Pentanes: analysis,Pentanes: pharmacology,Picea,Picea: drug effects,Picea: metabolism,Seasons,Temperature,Time Factors,Trees,Trees: drug effects,Trees: metabolism,Volatile Organic Compounds,Volatile Organic Compounds: analysis,Volatile Organic Compounds: metabolism},
pages = {381-4},
volume = {461},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759617},
month = {9},
day = {17},
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abstract = {It has been suggested that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are involved in organic aerosol formation, which in turn affects radiative forcing and climate. The most abundant VOCs emitted by terrestrial vegetation are isoprene and its derivatives, such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. New particle formation in boreal regions is related to monoterpene emissions and causes an estimated negative radiative forcing of about -0.2 to -0.9 W m(-2). The annual variation in aerosol growth rates during particle nucleation events correlates with the seasonality of monoterpene emissions of the local vegetation, with a maximum during summer. The frequency of nucleation events peaks, however, in spring and autumn. Here we present evidence from simulation experiments conducted in a plant chamber that isoprene can significantly inhibit new particle formation. The process leading to the observed decrease in particle number concentration is linked to the high reactivity of isoprene with the hydroxyl radical (OH). The suppression is stronger with higher concentrations of isoprene, but with little dependence on the specific VOC mixture emitted by trees. A parameterization of the observed suppression factor as a function of isoprene concentration suggests that the number of new particles produced depends on the OH concentration and VOCs involved in the production of new particles undergo three to four steps of oxidation by OH. Our measurements simulate conditions that are typical for forested regions and may explain the observed seasonality in the frequency of aerosol nucleation events, with a lower number of nucleation events during summer compared to autumn and spring. Biogenic emissions of isoprene are controlled by temperature and light, and if the relative isoprene abundance of biogenic VOC emissions increases in response to climate change or land use change, the new particle formation potential may decrease, thus damping the aerosol negative radiative forcing effect.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid and Wildt, Jürgen and Dal Maso, Miikka and Hohaus, Thorsten and Kleist, Einhard and Mentel, Thomas F and Tillmann, Ralf and Uerlings, Ricarda and Schurr, Uli and Wahner, Andreas},
journal = {Nature},
number = {7262}
}Spike inference from calcium imaging using sequential Monte Carlo methods. Vogelstein, J., T., Watson, B., O., Packer, A., M., Yuste, R., Jedynak, B., M., & Paninski, L. Biophysical Journal, 97(2):636-655, 7, 2009.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
As recent advances in calcium sensing technologies facilitate simultaneously imaging action potentials in neuronal populations, complementary analytical tools must also be developed to maximize the utility of this experimental paradigm. Although the observations here are fluorescence movies, the signals of interest--spike trains and/or time varying intracellular calcium concentrations--are hidden. Inferring these hidden signals is often problematic due to noise, nonlinearities, slow imaging rate, and unknown biophysical parameters. We overcome these difficulties by developing sequential Monte Carlo methods (particle filters) based on biophysical models of spiking, calcium dynamics, and fluorescence. We show that even in simple cases, the particle filters outperform the optimal linear (i.e., Wiener) filter, both by obtaining better estimates and by providing error bars. We then relax a number of our model assumptions to incorporate nonlinear saturation of the fluorescence signal, as well external stimulus and spike history dependence (e.g., refractoriness) of the spike trains. Using both simulations and in vitro fluorescence observations, we demonstrate temporal superresolution by inferring when within a frame each spike occurs. Furthermore, the model parameters may be estimated using expectation maximization with only a very limited amount of data (e.g., approximately 5-10 s or 5-40 spikes), without the requirement of any simultaneous electrophysiology or imaging experiments.
@article{
title = {Spike inference from calcium imaging using sequential Monte Carlo methods.},
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pages = {636-655},
volume = {97},
websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.08.005},
month = {7},
institution = {Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. joshuav@jhu.edu},
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abstract = {As recent advances in calcium sensing technologies facilitate simultaneously imaging action potentials in neuronal populations, complementary analytical tools must also be developed to maximize the utility of this experimental paradigm. Although the observations here are fluorescence movies, the signals of interest--spike trains and/or time varying intracellular calcium concentrations--are hidden. Inferring these hidden signals is often problematic due to noise, nonlinearities, slow imaging rate, and unknown biophysical parameters. We overcome these difficulties by developing sequential Monte Carlo methods (particle filters) based on biophysical models of spiking, calcium dynamics, and fluorescence. We show that even in simple cases, the particle filters outperform the optimal linear (i.e., Wiener) filter, both by obtaining better estimates and by providing error bars. We then relax a number of our model assumptions to incorporate nonlinear saturation of the fluorescence signal, as well external stimulus and spike history dependence (e.g., refractoriness) of the spike trains. Using both simulations and in vitro fluorescence observations, we demonstrate temporal superresolution by inferring when within a frame each spike occurs. Furthermore, the model parameters may be estimated using expectation maximization with only a very limited amount of data (e.g., approximately 5-10 s or 5-40 spikes), without the requirement of any simultaneous electrophysiology or imaging experiments.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Vogelstein, Joshua T. and Watson, Brendon O and Packer, Adam M and Yuste, Rafael and Jedynak, Bruno M and Paninski, Liam},
journal = {Biophysical Journal},
number = {2}
}A face feature space in the macaque temporal lobe. Freiwald, W. A, Tsao, D. Y, & Livingstone, M. S Nat Neurosci, 12(9):1187–1196, 2009. Place: United States ISBN: 1546-1726
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
The ability of primates to effortlessly recognize faces has been attributed to the existence of specialized face areas. One such area, the macaque middle face patch, consists almost entirely of cells that are selective for faces, but the principles by which these cells analyze faces are unknown. We found that middle face patch neurons detect and differentiate faces using a strategy that is both part based and holistic. Cells detected distinct constellations of face parts. Furthermore, cells were tuned to the geometry of facial features. Tuning was most often ramp-shaped, with a one-to-one mapping of feature magnitude to firing rate. Tuning amplitude depended on the presence of a whole, upright face and features were interpreted according to their position in a whole, upright face. Thus, cells in the middle face patch encode axes of a face space specialized for whole, upright faces
@article{freiwald_face_2009,
title = {A face feature space in the macaque temporal lobe.},
volume = {12},
doi = {10.1038/nn.2363},
abstract = {The ability of primates to effortlessly recognize faces has been attributed to the existence of specialized face areas. One such area, the macaque middle face patch, consists almost entirely of cells that are selective for faces, but the principles by which these cells analyze faces are unknown. We found that middle face patch neurons detect and differentiate faces using a strategy that is both part based and holistic. Cells detected distinct constellations of face parts. Furthermore, cells were tuned to the geometry of facial features. Tuning was most often ramp-shaped, with a one-to-one mapping of feature magnitude to firing rate. Tuning amplitude depended on the presence of a whole, upright face and features were interpreted according to their position in a whole, upright face. Thus, cells in the middle face patch encode axes of a face space specialized for whole, upright faces},
language = {eng},
number = {9},
journal = {Nat Neurosci},
author = {Freiwald, Winrich A and Tsao, Doris Y and Livingstone, Margaret S},
year = {2009},
pmid = {19668199},
note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 1546-1726},
keywords = {Action Potentials, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Face, Macaca mulatta, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Microelectrodes, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Temporal Lobe, Time Factors, Visual Perception, research support, n.i.h., extramural, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
pages = {1187--1196},
}Long-term use of antidepressants for depressive disorders and the risk of diabetes mellitus. Andersohn, F., Schade, R., Suissa, S., & Garbe, E. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(5):591--598, May, 2009.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: Use of antidepressants has been reported to cause considerable weight gain. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of diabetes mellitus associated with antidepressant treatment and to examine whether the risk is influenced by treatment duration or daily dose. METHOD: This was a nested case-control study in a cohort of 165,958 patients with depression who received at least one new prescription for an antidepressant between January 1, 1990, and June 30, 2005. Data were from from the U.K. General Practice Research Database. Patients were at least 30 years of age and without diabetes at cohort entry. RESULTS: A total of 2,243 cases of incident diabetes mellitus and 8,963 matched comparison subjects were identified. Compared with no use of antidepressants during the past 2 years, recent long-term use (\textgreater24 months) of antidepressants in moderate to high daily doses was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (incidence rate ratio=1.84, 95% CI=1.35-2.52). The magnitude of the risk was similar for long-term use of moderate to high daily doses of tricyclic antidepressants (incidence rate ratio=1.77, 95% CI=1.21-2.59) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (incidence rate ratio=2.06, 95% CI=1.20-3.52). Treatment for shorter periods or with lower daily doses was not associated with an increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term use of antidepressants in at least moderate daily doses was associated with an increased risk of diabetes. This association was observed for both tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
@article{andersohn_long-term_2009,
title = {Long-term use of antidepressants for depressive disorders and the risk of diabetes mellitus},
volume = {166},
issn = {1535-7228},
doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08071065},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Use of antidepressants has been reported to cause considerable weight gain. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of diabetes mellitus associated with antidepressant treatment and to examine whether the risk is influenced by treatment duration or daily dose.
METHOD: This was a nested case-control study in a cohort of 165,958 patients with depression who received at least one new prescription for an antidepressant between January 1, 1990, and June 30, 2005. Data were from from the U.K. General Practice Research Database. Patients were at least 30 years of age and without diabetes at cohort entry.
RESULTS: A total of 2,243 cases of incident diabetes mellitus and 8,963 matched comparison subjects were identified. Compared with no use of antidepressants during the past 2 years, recent long-term use ({\textgreater}24 months) of antidepressants in moderate to high daily doses was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (incidence rate ratio=1.84, 95\% CI=1.35-2.52). The magnitude of the risk was similar for long-term use of moderate to high daily doses of tricyclic antidepressants (incidence rate ratio=1.77, 95\% CI=1.21-2.59) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (incidence rate ratio=2.06, 95\% CI=1.20-3.52). Treatment for shorter periods or with lower daily doses was not associated with an increased risk.
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term use of antidepressants in at least moderate daily doses was associated with an increased risk of diabetes. This association was observed for both tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
author = {Andersohn, Frank and Schade, René and Suissa, Samy and Garbe, Edeltraut},
month = may,
year = {2009},
pmid = {19339356},
keywords = {Amitriptyline, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Cyclohexanols, Depressive Disorder, Female, Fluvoxamine, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Paroxetine, Risk Factors, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Time Factors, diabetes mellitus, incidence},
pages = {591--598}
}Structured variability of muscle activations supports the minimal intervention principle of motor control. Valero-Cuevas, J, F., Venkadesan, M., & Todorov, E. Journal of neurophysiology, 102:59-68, 2009 Jul, 2009.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Numerous observations of structured motor variability indicate that the sensorimotor system preferentially controls task-relevant parameters while allowing task-irrelevant ones to fluctuate. Optimality models show that controlling a redundant musculo-skeletal system in this manner meets task demands while minimizing control effort. Although this line of inquiry has been very productive, the data are mostly behavioral with no direct physiological evidence on the level of muscle or neural activity. Furthermore, biomechanical coupling, signal-dependent noise, and alternative causes of trial-to-trial variability confound behavioral studies. Here we address those confounds and present evidence that the nervous system preferentially controls task-relevant parameters on the muscle level. We asked subjects to produce vertical fingertip force vectors of prescribed constant or time-varying magnitudes while maintaining a constant finger posture. We recorded intramuscular electromyograms (EMGs) simultaneously from all seven index finger muscles during this task. The experiment design and selective fine-wire muscle recordings allowed us to account for a median of 91% of the variance of fingertip forces given the EMG signals. By analyzing muscle coordination in the seven-dimensional EMG signal space, we find that variance-per-dimension is consistently smaller in the task-relevant subspace than in the task-irrelevant subspace. This first direct physiological evidence on the muscle level for preferential control of task-relevant parameters strongly suggest the use of a neural control strategy compatible with the principle of minimal intervention. Additionally, variance is nonnegligible in all seven dimensions, which is at odds with the view that muscle activation patterns are composed from a small number of synergies.
@article{ 71,
title = {Structured variability of muscle activations supports the minimal intervention principle of motor control.},
journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
volume = {102},
year = {2009},
month = {2009 Jul},
pages = {59-68},
abstract = {Numerous observations of structured motor variability indicate that the sensorimotor system preferentially controls task-relevant parameters while allowing task-irrelevant ones to fluctuate. Optimality models show that controlling a redundant musculo-skeletal system in this manner meets task demands while minimizing control effort. Although this line of inquiry has been very productive, the data are mostly behavioral with no direct physiological evidence on the level of muscle or neural activity. Furthermore, biomechanical coupling, signal-dependent noise, and alternative causes of trial-to-trial variability confound behavioral studies. Here we address those confounds and present evidence that the nervous system preferentially controls task-relevant parameters on the muscle level. We asked subjects to produce vertical fingertip force vectors of prescribed constant or time-varying magnitudes while maintaining a constant finger posture. We recorded intramuscular electromyograms (EMGs) simultaneously from all seven index finger muscles during this task. The experiment design and selective fine-wire muscle recordings allowed us to account for a median of 91% of the variance of fingertip forces given the EMG signals. By analyzing muscle coordination in the seven-dimensional EMG signal space, we find that variance-per-dimension is consistently smaller in the task-relevant subspace than in the task-irrelevant subspace. This first direct physiological evidence on the muscle level for preferential control of task-relevant parameters strongly suggest the use of a neural control strategy compatible with the principle of minimal intervention. Additionally, variance is nonnegligible in all seven dimensions, which is at odds with the view that muscle activation patterns are composed from a small number of synergies.},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Biological, Biomechanics, Electromyography, Female, Fingers, Humans, Male, Models, Movement, Muscle, Muscle Contraction, Muscle Strength, Posture, Principal Component Analysis, Psychomotor Performance, Skeletal, Time Factors, Young Adult},
issn = {0022-3077},
doi = {10.1152/jn.90324.2008},
url = {http://jn.physiology.org/content/102/1/59.long},
author = {Valero-Cuevas, Francisco J and Venkadesan, Madhusudhan and Todorov, Emanuel}
}Ectopic Meis1 expression in the mouse limb bud alters P-D patterning in a Pbx1-independent manner. Mercader, N., Selleri, L., Criado, L., M., Pallares, P., Parras, C., Cleary, M., L., & Torres, M. The International journal of developmental biology, 53(8-10):1483-94, 1, 2009.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex During limb development, expression of the TALE homeobox transcription factor Meis1 is activated by retinoic acid in the proximal-most limb bud regions, which give rise to the upper forelimb and hindlimb. Early subdivision of the limb bud into proximal Meis-positive and distal Meis-negative domains is necessary for correct proximo-distal (P-D) limb development in the chick, since ectopic Meis1 overexpression abolishes distal limb structures, produces a proximal shift of limb identities along the P-D axis, and proximalizes distal limb cell affinity properties. To determine whether Meis activity is also required for P-D limb specification in mammals, we generated transgenic mice ectopically expressing Meis1 in the distal limb mesenchyme under the control of the Msx2 promoter. Msx2:Meis1 transgenic mice display altered P-D patterning and shifted P-D Hox gene expression domains, similar to those previously described for the chicken. Meis proteins function in cooperation with PBX factors, another TALE homeodomain subfamily. Meis-Pbx interaction is required for nuclear localization of both proteins in cell culture, and is important for their DNA-binding and transactivation efficiency. During limb development, Pbx1 nuclear expression correlates with the Meis expression domain, and Pbx1 has been proposed as the main Meis partner in this context; however, we found that Pbx1 deficiency did not modify the limb phenotype of Msx2:Meis1 mice. Our results indicate a conserved role of Meis activity in P-D specification of the tetrapod limb and suggest that Pbx function in this context is either not required or is provided by partners other than Pbx1.
@article{
title = {Ectopic Meis1 expression in the mouse limb bud alters P-D patterning in a Pbx1-independent manner.},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Animals,Body Patterning,Body Patterning: genetics,Body Patterning: physiology,Embryo, Mammalian,Embryo, Mammalian: embryology,Embryo, Mammalian: metabolism,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental,Homeodomain Proteins,Homeodomain Proteins: genetics,Homeodomain Proteins: metabolism,Homeodomain Proteins: physiology,Immunohistochemistry,In Situ Hybridization,Limb Buds,Limb Buds: embryology,Limb Buds: metabolism,Mice,Mice, Inbred C57BL,Mice, Transgenic,Neoplasm Proteins,Neoplasm Proteins: genetics,Neoplasm Proteins: metabolism,Neoplasm Proteins: physiology,Time Factors,Transcription Factors,Transcription Factors: genetics,Transcription Factors: metabolism,Transcription Factors: physiology},
pages = {1483-94},
volume = {53},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19247936},
month = {1},
id = {126d963a-2456-3fa6-94ca-b4f994d865d7},
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abstract = {During limb development, expression of the TALE homeobox transcription factor Meis1 is activated by retinoic acid in the proximal-most limb bud regions, which give rise to the upper forelimb and hindlimb. Early subdivision of the limb bud into proximal Meis-positive and distal Meis-negative domains is necessary for correct proximo-distal (P-D) limb development in the chick, since ectopic Meis1 overexpression abolishes distal limb structures, produces a proximal shift of limb identities along the P-D axis, and proximalizes distal limb cell affinity properties. To determine whether Meis activity is also required for P-D limb specification in mammals, we generated transgenic mice ectopically expressing Meis1 in the distal limb mesenchyme under the control of the Msx2 promoter. Msx2:Meis1 transgenic mice display altered P-D patterning and shifted P-D Hox gene expression domains, similar to those previously described for the chicken. Meis proteins function in cooperation with PBX factors, another TALE homeodomain subfamily. Meis-Pbx interaction is required for nuclear localization of both proteins in cell culture, and is important for their DNA-binding and transactivation efficiency. During limb development, Pbx1 nuclear expression correlates with the Meis expression domain, and Pbx1 has been proposed as the main Meis partner in this context; however, we found that Pbx1 deficiency did not modify the limb phenotype of Msx2:Meis1 mice. Our results indicate a conserved role of Meis activity in P-D specification of the tetrapod limb and suggest that Pbx function in this context is either not required or is provided by partners other than Pbx1.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Mercader, Nadia and Selleri, Licia and Criado, Luis Miguel and Pallares, Pilar and Parras, Carlos and Cleary, Michael L and Torres, Miguel},
journal = {The International journal of developmental biology},
number = {8-10}
}Cultivation of microalgae for oil production with a cultivation strategy of urea limitation. Hsieh, C. & Wu, W. Bioresource technology, 100(17):3921-6, Elsevier Ltd, 9, 2009.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex The microalgae, Chlorella sp., were cultivated in various culture modes to assess biomass and lipid productivity in this study. In the batch mode, the biomass concentrations and lipid content of Chlorella sp. cultivated in a medium containing 0.025-0.200 g L(-1) urea were 0.464-2.027 g L(-1) and 0.661-0.326 g g(-1), respectively. The maximum lipid productivity of 0.124 g d(-1)L(-1) occurred in a medium containing 0.100 g L(-1) urea. In the fed-batch cultivation, the highest lipid content was obtained by feeding 0.025 g L(-1) of urea during the stationary phase, but the lipid productivity was not significantly increased. However, a semi-continuous process was carried out by harvesting the culture and renewing urea at 0.025 g L(-1) each time when the cultivation achieved the early stationary phase. The maximum lipid productivity of 0.139 g d(-1)L(-1) in the semi-continuous culture was highest in comparison with those in the batch and fed-batch cultivations.
@article{
title = {Cultivation of microalgae for oil production with a cultivation strategy of urea limitation.},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Algae,Algae: cytology,Algae: drug effects,Algae: growth & development,Biomass,Oils,Oils: chemical synthesis,Oils: chemistry,Time Factors,Urea,Urea: pharmacology},
pages = {3921-6},
volume = {100},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19362823},
month = {9},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
id = {b2e73c93-7cd2-3ef3-9d20-4a4c2a79dd50},
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last_modified = {2013-05-23T09:44:29.000Z},
tags = {nutrient removal},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
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abstract = {The microalgae, Chlorella sp., were cultivated in various culture modes to assess biomass and lipid productivity in this study. In the batch mode, the biomass concentrations and lipid content of Chlorella sp. cultivated in a medium containing 0.025-0.200 g L(-1) urea were 0.464-2.027 g L(-1) and 0.661-0.326 g g(-1), respectively. The maximum lipid productivity of 0.124 g d(-1)L(-1) occurred in a medium containing 0.100 g L(-1) urea. In the fed-batch cultivation, the highest lipid content was obtained by feeding 0.025 g L(-1) of urea during the stationary phase, but the lipid productivity was not significantly increased. However, a semi-continuous process was carried out by harvesting the culture and renewing urea at 0.025 g L(-1) each time when the cultivation achieved the early stationary phase. The maximum lipid productivity of 0.139 g d(-1)L(-1) in the semi-continuous culture was highest in comparison with those in the batch and fed-batch cultivations.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Hsieh, Chih-Hung and Wu, Wen-Teng},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
number = {17}
}Thermal desorption-multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of individual aerosol particles: a simplified approach for online single-particle analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Bente, M., Sklorz, M., Streibel, T., & Zimmermann, R. Analytical chemistry, 81(7):2525-2536, 2009.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex Online single-particle (SP) laser mass spectrometry (MS) is an important tool for fundamental and applied aerosol research. Usually laser desorption/ionization (LDI) is applied for ablation and ionization of atoms and molecular fragments from the nanometer- or micrometer-sized air-borne particles and time-of-flight analysers (TOFMS) are used for mass-selective detection of mainly inorganic analytes. The detection of molecular organic compounds is solely possible under very special experimental conditions and extremely dependent on the particle matrix and thus limited to special applications. Very recently it was shown that by implementation of a two-step laser desorption (LD) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) postionization approach the single-particulate molecular signature of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their derivatives can be recorded (LD-REMPI-SP-TOFMS). By this, particles from different sources could be differentiated via the patterns of specific molecular source tracers such as retene for soft wood combustion or larger PAH as indicator for gasoline car emissions. One drawback of the LD-REMPI-SP-TOFMS method in particular for field applications is, however, the necessity of operation and adjustment of two lasers. In this paper the successful implementation of a thermal desorption step in single-particle mass spectrometry is described (TD-REMPI-SP-TOFMS). After size determination by particle velocimetry, individual particles are thermally desorbed on a heated surface in the ion source of the TOFMS. Desorbed molecules are ionized subsequently by REMPI, which addresses selectively PAH and molecular trace indicators. The TD-REMPI-SP-TOFMS concept was tested with reference particles and applied for automotive exhaust and ambient monitoring. The comparison of the results with the ones obtained by the two-laser approach (LD-REMPI-SP-TOFMS) indicates that the patented TD-REMPI-SP-TOFMS technology presented here is nearly equally well suited for studying organic source tracers in ambient aerosols and aerosol emissions. The increased ruggedness and simplicity of the new approach, however, may favor its application for field measurements in aerosol science and technology.
@article{
title = {Thermal desorption-multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of individual aerosol particles: a simplified approach for online single-particle analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {*Online Systems,*Protons,Aerosols,Aromatic/*analysis/*chemi,Gasoline,Heating,Lasers,Mass Spectrometry/*methods,Polycyclic Hydrocarbons,Temperature,Time Factors,Vehicle Emissions/analysis,Volatilization},
pages = {2525-2536},
volume = {81},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19245255},
edition = {2009/02/28},
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notes = {Bente, Matthias<br/>Sklorz, Martin<br/>Streibel, Thorsten<br/>Zimmermann, Ralf<br/>Anal Chem. 2009 Apr 1;81(7):2525-36.},
abstract = {Online single-particle (SP) laser mass spectrometry (MS) is an important tool for fundamental and applied aerosol research. Usually laser desorption/ionization (LDI) is applied for ablation and ionization of atoms and molecular fragments from the nanometer- or micrometer-sized air-borne particles and time-of-flight analysers (TOFMS) are used for mass-selective detection of mainly inorganic analytes. The detection of molecular organic compounds is solely possible under very special experimental conditions and extremely dependent on the particle matrix and thus limited to special applications. Very recently it was shown that by implementation of a two-step laser desorption (LD) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) postionization approach the single-particulate molecular signature of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their derivatives can be recorded (LD-REMPI-SP-TOFMS). By this, particles from different sources could be differentiated via the patterns of specific molecular source tracers such as retene for soft wood combustion or larger PAH as indicator for gasoline car emissions. One drawback of the LD-REMPI-SP-TOFMS method in particular for field applications is, however, the necessity of operation and adjustment of two lasers. In this paper the successful implementation of a thermal desorption step in single-particle mass spectrometry is described (TD-REMPI-SP-TOFMS). After size determination by particle velocimetry, individual particles are thermally desorbed on a heated surface in the ion source of the TOFMS. Desorbed molecules are ionized subsequently by REMPI, which addresses selectively PAH and molecular trace indicators. The TD-REMPI-SP-TOFMS concept was tested with reference particles and applied for automotive exhaust and ambient monitoring. The comparison of the results with the ones obtained by the two-laser approach (LD-REMPI-SP-TOFMS) indicates that the patented TD-REMPI-SP-TOFMS technology presented here is nearly equally well suited for studying organic source tracers in ambient aerosols and aerosol emissions. The increased ruggedness and simplicity of the new approach, however, may favor its application for field measurements in aerosol science and technology.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Bente, Matthias and Sklorz, Martin and Streibel, Thorsten and Zimmermann, Ralf},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
number = {7}
}Spike inference from calcium imaging using sequential Monte Carlo methods. Vogelstein, J., T., Watson, B., O., Packer, A., M., Yuste, R., Jedynak, B., M., Paninski, L., & Paninskik, L. Biophysical Journal, 97(2):636-655, 7, 2009.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
As recent advances in calcium sensing technologies facilitate simultaneously imaging action potentials in neuronal populations, complementary analytical tools must also be developed to maximize the utility of this experimental paradigm. Although the observations here are fluorescence movies, the signals of interest - spike trains and/or time varying intracellular calcium concentrations - are hidden. Inferring these hidden signals is often problematic due to noise, nonlinearities, slow imaging rate, and unknown biophysical parameters. We overcome these difficulties by developing sequential Monte Carlo methods (particle filters) based on biophysical models of spiking, calcium dynamics, and fluorescence. We show that even in simple cases, the particle filters outperform the optimal linear (i.e., Wiener) filter, both by obtaining better estimates and by providing error bars. We then relax a number of our model assumptions to incorporate nonlinear saturation of the fluorescence signal, as well external stimulus and spike history dependence (e.g., refractoriness) of the spike trains. Using both simulations and in vitro fluorescence observations, we demonstrate temporal superresolution by inferring when within a frame each spike occurs. Furthermore, the model parameters may be estimated using expectation maximization with only a very limited amount of data (e.g., ???5-10 s or 5-40 spikes), without the requirement of any simultaneous electrophysiology or imaging experiments. ?? 2009 by the Biophysical Society.
@article{
title = {Spike inference from calcium imaging using sequential Monte Carlo methods.},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
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pages = {636-655},
volume = {97},
websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.08.005},
month = {7},
institution = {Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. joshuav@jhu.edu},
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abstract = {As recent advances in calcium sensing technologies facilitate simultaneously imaging action potentials in neuronal populations, complementary analytical tools must also be developed to maximize the utility of this experimental paradigm. Although the observations here are fluorescence movies, the signals of interest - spike trains and/or time varying intracellular calcium concentrations - are hidden. Inferring these hidden signals is often problematic due to noise, nonlinearities, slow imaging rate, and unknown biophysical parameters. We overcome these difficulties by developing sequential Monte Carlo methods (particle filters) based on biophysical models of spiking, calcium dynamics, and fluorescence. We show that even in simple cases, the particle filters outperform the optimal linear (i.e., Wiener) filter, both by obtaining better estimates and by providing error bars. We then relax a number of our model assumptions to incorporate nonlinear saturation of the fluorescence signal, as well external stimulus and spike history dependence (e.g., refractoriness) of the spike trains. Using both simulations and in vitro fluorescence observations, we demonstrate temporal superresolution by inferring when within a frame each spike occurs. Furthermore, the model parameters may be estimated using expectation maximization with only a very limited amount of data (e.g., ???5-10 s or 5-40 spikes), without the requirement of any simultaneous electrophysiology or imaging experiments. ?? 2009 by the Biophysical Society.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Vogelstein, Joshua T. and Watson, Brendon O. and Packer, Adam M. and Yuste, Rafael and Jedynak, Bruno M and Paninski, Liam and Paninskik, Liam},
journal = {Biophysical Journal},
number = {2}
}Identification of a statistical method as a quality tool: patient's length of stay in the operating room. Aranha, G. T. C., Vieira, R. W., Oliveira, P. P. M. d., Petrucci Junior, O., Benze, B. G., Filho, S., Mota, L. d., Vilarinho, K. A. d. S., & Campos, L. P. d. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular, 24(3):382–390, September, 2009.
Paper doi bibtex
Paper doi bibtex @article{aranha_identification_2009,
title = {Identification of a statistical method as a quality tool: patient's length of stay in the operating room},
volume = {24},
issn = {0102-7638},
shorttitle = {Identification of a statistical method as a quality tool},
url = {http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0102-76382009000400019&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en},
doi = {10.1590/S0102-76382009000400019},
number = {3},
urldate = {2014-01-09TZ},
journal = {Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular},
author = {Aranha, Guiomar Terezinha Carvalho and Vieira, Reinaldo Wilson and Oliveira, Pedro Paulo Martins de and Petrucci Junior, Orlando and Benze, Benedito Galvão and Filho, Silveira and Mota, Lindemberg da and Vilarinho, Karlos Alexandre de Souza and Campos, Lívia Paschoalino de},
month = sep,
year = {2009},
keywords = {Aortic Aneurysm, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Heart Defects, Congenital, Heart Valve Diseases, Humans, Length of Stay, Myocardial Ischemia, Operating Rooms, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Survival Analysis, Time Factors},
pages = {382--390}
}Statin use and risk of gallstone disease followed by cholecystectomy. Bodmer, M., Brauchli, Y. B., Krähenbühl, S., Jick, S. S., & Meier, C. R. JAMA, 302(18):2001--2007, November, 2009.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
CONTEXT: Gallstone disease is a leading cause of morbidity in western countries and carries a high economic burden. Statins decrease hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and may therefore lower the risk of cholesterol gallstones by reducing the cholesterol concentration in the bile. Data on this association in humans are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between the use of statins, fibrates, or other lipid-lowering agents and the risk of incident gallstone disease followed by cholecystectomy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Case-control analysis using the UK-based General Practice Research Database. Incident patients between 1994 and 2008 and 4 controls per each patient were identified and matched on age, sex, general practice, calendar time, and years of history in the database. The study population was 76% women and the mean (SD) age was 53.4 (15.0) years at the index date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of developing gallstones followed by cholecystectomy in relation to exposure to lipid-lowering agents, stratified by exposure timing and duration. The ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for smoking, body mass index, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and estrogen use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The adjusted OR (AOR) for developing gallstone disease followed by cholecystectomy in relation to exposure to lipid-lowering agents. RESULTS: A total of 27,035 patients with cholecystectomy and 106,531 matched controls were identified, including 2396 patients and 8868 controls who had statin use. Compared with nonuse, current statin use (last prescription recorded within 90 days before the first-time diagnosis of the disease) was 1.0% for patients and 0.8% for controls (AOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.95-1.27) for 1 to 4 prescriptions; 2.6% vs 2.4% (AOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77-0.93) for 5 to 19 prescriptions, and 3.2% vs 3.7% (AOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.59-0.70) for 20 or more prescriptions. The AORs for current use of statins defined as 20 or more prescriptions were similar (around 0.6) across age, sex, and body mass index categories, and across the statin class. CONCLUSION: Long-term use of statins was associated with a decreased risk of gallstones followed by cholecystectomy.
@article{bodmer_statin_2009,
title = {Statin use and risk of gallstone disease followed by cholecystectomy},
volume = {302},
issn = {1538-3598},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2009.1601},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Gallstone disease is a leading cause of morbidity in western countries and carries a high economic burden. Statins decrease hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and may therefore lower the risk of cholesterol gallstones by reducing the cholesterol concentration in the bile. Data on this association in humans are scarce.
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between the use of statins, fibrates, or other lipid-lowering agents and the risk of incident gallstone disease followed by cholecystectomy.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Case-control analysis using the UK-based General Practice Research Database. Incident patients between 1994 and 2008 and 4 controls per each patient were identified and matched on age, sex, general practice, calendar time, and years of history in the database. The study population was 76\% women and the mean (SD) age was 53.4 (15.0) years at the index date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of developing gallstones followed by cholecystectomy in relation to exposure to lipid-lowering agents, stratified by exposure timing and duration. The ORs and 95\% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for smoking, body mass index, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and estrogen use.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The adjusted OR (AOR) for developing gallstone disease followed by cholecystectomy in relation to exposure to lipid-lowering agents.
RESULTS: A total of 27,035 patients with cholecystectomy and 106,531 matched controls were identified, including 2396 patients and 8868 controls who had statin use. Compared with nonuse, current statin use (last prescription recorded within 90 days before the first-time diagnosis of the disease) was 1.0\% for patients and 0.8\% for controls (AOR, 1.10; 95\% CI, 0.95-1.27) for 1 to 4 prescriptions; 2.6\% vs 2.4\% (AOR, 0.85; 95\% CI, 0.77-0.93) for 5 to 19 prescriptions, and 3.2\% vs 3.7\% (AOR, 0.64; 95\% CI, 0.59-0.70) for 20 or more prescriptions. The AORs for current use of statins defined as 20 or more prescriptions were similar (around 0.6) across age, sex, and body mass index categories, and across the statin class.
CONCLUSION: Long-term use of statins was associated with a decreased risk of gallstones followed by cholecystectomy.},
language = {eng},
number = {18},
journal = {JAMA},
author = {Bodmer, Michael and Brauchli, Yolanda B. and Krähenbühl, Stephan and Jick, Susan S. and Meier, Christoph R.},
month = nov,
year = {2009},
pmid = {19903921},
keywords = {Adult, Case-Control Studies, Cholecystectomy, Female, Gallstones, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Hypolipidemic Agents, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Time Factors},
pages = {2001--2007}
}Psoriasis and risk of incident myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischaemic attack: an inception cohort study with a nested case-control analysis. Brauchli, Y. B., Jick, S. S., Miret, M., & Meier, C. R. The British Journal of Dermatology, 160(5):1048--1056, May, 2009.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation may increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases in patients with psoriasis, but data on this risk in patients with early psoriasis are scarce. OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare the risk of developing incident myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) between an inception cohort of patients with psoriasis and a psoriasis-free population. METHODS: We conducted an inception cohort study with a nested case-control analysis within the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database. The study population encompassed 36,702 patients with a first-time recorded diagnosis of psoriasis 1994-2005, matched 1 : 1 to psoriasis-free patients. We assessed crude incidence rates (IRs) and applied conditional logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Overall, the IRs of MI (n = 449), stroke (n = 535) and TIA (n = 402) were similar among patients with or without psoriasis. However, the adjusted OR of developing MI for patients with psoriasis aged \textless 60 years was 1.66 (95% CI 1.03-2.66) compared with patients without psoriasis, while the OR for patients aged \textgreateror= 60 years was 0.99 (95% CI 0.77-1.26). The adjusted ORs of developing MI for patients of all ages with \textlessor= 2 or \textgreater 2 prescriptions/year for oral psoriasis treatment were 2.48 (95% CI 0.69-8.91) and 1.39 (95% CI 0.43-4.53), with a similar finding for stroke and TIA. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of developing a cardiovascular outcome was not materially elevated for patients with early psoriasis overall. In subanalyses, however, there was a suggestion of an increased (but low absolute) MI risk for patients with psoriasis aged \textless 60 years, mainly with severe disease.
@article{brauchli_psoriasis_2009,
title = {Psoriasis and risk of incident myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischaemic attack: an inception cohort study with a nested case-control analysis},
volume = {160},
issn = {1365-2133},
shorttitle = {Psoriasis and risk of incident myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischaemic attack},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.09020.x},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation may increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases in patients with psoriasis, but data on this risk in patients with early psoriasis are scarce.
OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare the risk of developing incident myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) between an inception cohort of patients with psoriasis and a psoriasis-free population.
METHODS: We conducted an inception cohort study with a nested case-control analysis within the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database. The study population encompassed 36,702 patients with a first-time recorded diagnosis of psoriasis 1994-2005, matched 1 : 1 to psoriasis-free patients. We assessed crude incidence rates (IRs) and applied conditional logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (ORs) with 95\% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: Overall, the IRs of MI (n = 449), stroke (n = 535) and TIA (n = 402) were similar among patients with or without psoriasis. However, the adjusted OR of developing MI for patients with psoriasis aged {\textless} 60 years was 1.66 (95\% CI 1.03-2.66) compared with patients without psoriasis, while the OR for patients aged {\textgreater}or= 60 years was 0.99 (95\% CI 0.77-1.26). The adjusted ORs of developing MI for patients of all ages with {\textless}or= 2 or {\textgreater} 2 prescriptions/year for oral psoriasis treatment were 2.48 (95\% CI 0.69-8.91) and 1.39 (95\% CI 0.43-4.53), with a similar finding for stroke and TIA.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of developing a cardiovascular outcome was not materially elevated for patients with early psoriasis overall. In subanalyses, however, there was a suggestion of an increased (but low absolute) MI risk for patients with psoriasis aged {\textless} 60 years, mainly with severe disease.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {The British Journal of Dermatology},
author = {Brauchli, Y. B. and Jick, S. S. and Miret, M. and Meier, C. R.},
month = may,
year = {2009},
pmid = {19210501},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Confidence Intervals, Databases, Factual, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Odds Ratio, Psoriasis, Risk Assessment, Time Factors, Young Adult, stroke},
pages = {1048--1056}
}2008 (4)
Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks. Luyssaert, S., Schulze, E., D., Börner, A., Knohl, A., Hessenmöller, D., Law, B., E., Ciais, P., Grace, J., Boerner, A., Hessenmoeller, D., Borner, A., & Hessenmoller, D. Nature, 455(7210):213-215, 2008.
Website doi abstract bibtex
Website doi abstract bibtex Old- growth forests remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere(1,2) at rates that vary with climate and nitrogen deposition(3). The sequestered carbon dioxide is stored in live woody tissues and slowly decomposing organic matter in litter and soil(4). Old- growth forests therefore serve as a global carbon dioxide sink, but they are not protected by international treaties, because it is generally thought that ageing forests cease to accumulate carbon(5,6). Here we report a search of literature and databases for forest carbon- flux estimates. We find that in forests between 15 and 800 years of age, net ecosystem productivity ( the net carbon balance of the forest including soils) is usually positive. Our results demonstrate that old- growth forests can continue to accumulate carbon, contrary to the long-standing view that they are carbon neutral. Over 30 per cent of the global forest area is unmanaged primary forest, and this area contains the remaining old- growth forests(7). Half of the primary forests (6 x 10(8) hectares) are located in the boreal and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. On the basis of our analysis, these forests alone sequester about 1.3 +/- 0.5 gigatonnes of carbon per year. Thus, our findings suggest that 15 per cent of the global forest area, which is currently not considered when offsetting increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, provides at least 10 per cent of the global net ecosystem productivity(8). Old- growth forests accumulate carbon for centuries and contain large quantities of it. We expect, however, that much of this carbon, even soil carbon(9), will move back to the atmosphere if these forests are disturbed.
@article{
title = {Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks},
type = {article},
year = {2008},
keywords = {15th Century,16th Century,17th Century,18th Century,19th Century,20th Century,21st Century,AGE,Ancient,Animals,Atmosphere,Atmosphere: chemistry,BOREAL,Biomass,Carbon,Carbon Dioxide,Carbon Dioxide: metabolism,Carbon: metabolism,DECLINE,DIOXIDE,Databases,Disasters,EXCHANGE,Ecosystem,Factual,History,Human Activities,Medieval,NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION,PONDEROSA PINE,STORAGE,TEMPERATE,Time Factors,Trees,Trees: metabolism},
pages = {213-215},
volume = {455},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784722},
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citation_key = {Luyssaert2008b},
private_publication = {false},
abstract = {Old- growth forests remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere(1,2) at rates that vary with climate and nitrogen deposition(3). The sequestered carbon dioxide is stored in live woody tissues and slowly decomposing organic matter in litter and soil(4). Old- growth forests therefore serve as a global carbon dioxide sink, but they are not protected by international treaties, because it is generally thought that ageing forests cease to accumulate carbon(5,6). Here we report a search of literature and databases for forest carbon- flux estimates. We find that in forests between 15 and 800 years of age, net ecosystem productivity ( the net carbon balance of the forest including soils) is usually positive. Our results demonstrate that old- growth forests can continue to accumulate carbon, contrary to the long-standing view that they are carbon neutral. Over 30 per cent of the global forest area is unmanaged primary forest, and this area contains the remaining old- growth forests(7). Half of the primary forests (6 x 10(8) hectares) are located in the boreal and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. On the basis of our analysis, these forests alone sequester about 1.3 +/- 0.5 gigatonnes of carbon per year. Thus, our findings suggest that 15 per cent of the global forest area, which is currently not considered when offsetting increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, provides at least 10 per cent of the global net ecosystem productivity(8). Old- growth forests accumulate carbon for centuries and contain large quantities of it. We expect, however, that much of this carbon, even soil carbon(9), will move back to the atmosphere if these forests are disturbed.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Luyssaert, Sebastiaan and Schulze, E-Detlef Detlef and Börner, Annett and Knohl, Alexander and Hessenmöller, Dominik and Law, Beverly E and Ciais, Philippe and Grace, John and Boerner, Annett and Hessenmoeller, Dominik and Borner, A and Hessenmoller, D},
doi = {10.1038/nature07276},
journal = {Nature},
number = {7210}
}Regional scale impacts of distinct CO(2) additions in the North Sea. Blackford, J., C., Jones, N., Proctor, R., & Holt, J. Marine pollution bulletin, 56(8):1461-8, 8, 2008.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex A marine system model applied to the North West European shelf seas is used to simulate the consequences of distinct CO(2) additions such as those that could arise from a failure of geological sequestration schemes. The choice of leak scenario is guided by only a small number of available observations and requires several assumptions; hence the simulations reported on are engineered to be worse case scenarios. The simulations indicate that only the most extreme scenarios are capable of producing perturbations that are likely to have environmental consequences beyond the locality of a leak event. Tidally driven mixing rather than air-sea exchange is identified as the primary mechanism for dispersal of added CO(2). We show that, given the available evidence, the environmental impact of a sequestration leak is likely to be insignificant when compared to the expected impact from continued non-mitigated atmospheric CO(2) emissions and the subsequent acidification of the marine system. We also conclude that more research, including both leak simulations and assessment of ecological impacts is necessary to fully understand the impact of CO(2) additions to the marine system.
@article{
title = {Regional scale impacts of distinct CO(2) additions in the North Sea.},
type = {article},
year = {2008},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Air,Carbon Dioxide,Carbon Dioxide: chemistry,Environment,Geography,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration,North Sea,Seawater,Seawater: chemistry,Time Factors,Water Pollutants, Chemical,Water Pollutants, Chemical: chemistry},
pages = {1461-8},
volume = {56},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18579160},
month = {8},
id = {282ab52a-2a1e-33ee-b77e-899e9dfb8a30},
created = {2012-12-06T09:09:03.000Z},
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authored = {false},
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hidden = {false},
citation_key = {Blackford2008b},
abstract = {A marine system model applied to the North West European shelf seas is used to simulate the consequences of distinct CO(2) additions such as those that could arise from a failure of geological sequestration schemes. The choice of leak scenario is guided by only a small number of available observations and requires several assumptions; hence the simulations reported on are engineered to be worse case scenarios. The simulations indicate that only the most extreme scenarios are capable of producing perturbations that are likely to have environmental consequences beyond the locality of a leak event. Tidally driven mixing rather than air-sea exchange is identified as the primary mechanism for dispersal of added CO(2). We show that, given the available evidence, the environmental impact of a sequestration leak is likely to be insignificant when compared to the expected impact from continued non-mitigated atmospheric CO(2) emissions and the subsequent acidification of the marine system. We also conclude that more research, including both leak simulations and assessment of ecological impacts is necessary to fully understand the impact of CO(2) additions to the marine system.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Blackford, J C and Jones, N and Proctor, R and Holt, J},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
number = {8}
}Single-shot biodiesel analysis: nearly instantaneous typification and quality control solely by ambient mass spectrometry. Abdelnur, P., V., Eberlin, L., S., de Sá, G., F., de Souza, V., & Eberlin, M., N. Analytical chemistry, 80(20):7882-6, 10, 2008.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex Using a simple and easily implemented desorption/ionization mass spectrometry technique, a tiny droplet of biodiesel placed on the surface of a sheet of paper is analyzed directly and nearly instantaneously under ambient conditions. No pre-separation or sample preparation is required, and clean mass spectra are obtained with great simplicity. In the positive ion mode, easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry, EASI(+)-MS, provides typical profiles of the major components of biodiesel samples, that is, either methyl esters (FAME) or ethyl esters (FAEE) of the natural fatty acids and triglycerides (TAG) from residual oil or oil from adulteration. Each FAME (FAEE) or TAG molecule is detected as a single sodiated molecule, [M + Na] (+) with relative intensities that correlate well with the known fatty acid profiles of the oil. Using EASI(-)-MS, typical and complementary profiles of free fatty acids (FFA) are obtained, which are detected in their deprotonated forms [FAA - H] (-). A general, single-shot approach for biodiesel analysis is therefore described, and samples from different feedstocks, from blends with petrodiesel, or from either methanol or ethanol trans-esterification are readily typified and major parameters of quality accessed.
@article{
title = {Single-shot biodiesel analysis: nearly instantaneous typification and quality control solely by ambient mass spectrometry.},
type = {article},
year = {2008},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Analytic Sample Preparation Methods,Bioelectric Energy Sources,Esters,Esters: analysis,Fatty Acids,Fatty Acids: analysis,Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry: methods,Oils,Oils: chemistry,Paper,Quality Control,Time Factors,Triglycerides,Triglycerides: analysis},
pages = {7882-6},
volume = {80},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18808154},
month = {10},
day = {15},
id = {4ffe07ad-c932-357e-a181-9c0313e638ea},
created = {2014-11-13T17:56:03.000Z},
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last_modified = {2014-11-18T21:13:53.000Z},
read = {true},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {Using a simple and easily implemented desorption/ionization mass spectrometry technique, a tiny droplet of biodiesel placed on the surface of a sheet of paper is analyzed directly and nearly instantaneously under ambient conditions. No pre-separation or sample preparation is required, and clean mass spectra are obtained with great simplicity. In the positive ion mode, easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry, EASI(+)-MS, provides typical profiles of the major components of biodiesel samples, that is, either methyl esters (FAME) or ethyl esters (FAEE) of the natural fatty acids and triglycerides (TAG) from residual oil or oil from adulteration. Each FAME (FAEE) or TAG molecule is detected as a single sodiated molecule, [M + Na] (+) with relative intensities that correlate well with the known fatty acid profiles of the oil. Using EASI(-)-MS, typical and complementary profiles of free fatty acids (FFA) are obtained, which are detected in their deprotonated forms [FAA - H] (-). A general, single-shot approach for biodiesel analysis is therefore described, and samples from different feedstocks, from blends with petrodiesel, or from either methanol or ethanol trans-esterification are readily typified and major parameters of quality accessed.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Abdelnur, Patricia V and Eberlin, Livia S and de Sá, Gilberto F and de Souza, Vanderlea and Eberlin, Marcos N},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
number = {20}
}Validating the effects of drug treatment on blood pressure in the General Practice Research Database. Delaney, J. A. C., Moodie, E. E. M., & Suissa, S. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 17(6):535--545, June, 2008.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
PURPOSE: Observational studies using clinical databases, such as the United Kingdom's General Practice Research Database (GPRD), may provide an alternative to clinical trial data for detecting longitudinal changes in blood pressure due to drug exposures that vary over time. Blood pressure data which are measured at variable intervals and are often missing present a particular methodological challenge to the analysis of such studies. METHODS: To assess effects on blood pressure, we extracted from the GPRD several cohorts of new drug users of warfarin (n = 21,532), ibuprofen (n = 92,037), proton pump inhibitors (n = 153,695), statins (n = 118,704), rofecoxib (n = 6399), and celecoxib (n = 6217) from 2001 to 2003. Several blood pressure readings were missing either before or after initiating therapy. We compared the results of analyses using a linear mixed model with a pre-post quasi-experimental design, using the multiple imputation approach to account for missing data. RESULTS: There was evidence that the missing blood pressure data were not missing completely at random as subjects with more blood pressure readings tended to have higher recorded values. For statins, the mixed model estimated a change in systolic blood pressure of -3.80 mmHg (99% confidence interval (CI): from -3.97 to -3.63), similar to the quasi- experimental model and to the -4.00 mmHg estimated from clinical trials. Sensitivity analyses indicate that these estimates are robust. For rofecoxib, the change in systolic blood pressure were 2.20 mmHg (99%CI: 1.09-3.32) and 1.21 mmHg (99%CI: 0.21-2.22) for the two methods, respectively, again confirming the findings of randomized trials. CONCLUSION: With appropriate statistical techniques, GPRD blood pressure data can be used to estimate blood pressure changes secondary to drug therapy.
@article{delaney_validating_2008,
title = {Validating the effects of drug treatment on blood pressure in the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
volume = {17},
issn = {1099-1557},
doi = {10.1002/pds.1553},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Observational studies using clinical databases, such as the United Kingdom's General Practice Research Database (GPRD), may provide an alternative to clinical trial data for detecting longitudinal changes in blood pressure due to drug exposures that vary over time. Blood pressure data which are measured at variable intervals and are often missing present a particular methodological challenge to the analysis of such studies.
METHODS: To assess effects on blood pressure, we extracted from the GPRD several cohorts of new drug users of warfarin (n = 21,532), ibuprofen (n = 92,037), proton pump inhibitors (n = 153,695), statins (n = 118,704), rofecoxib (n = 6399), and celecoxib (n = 6217) from 2001 to 2003. Several blood pressure readings were missing either before or after initiating therapy. We compared the results of analyses using a linear mixed model with a pre-post quasi-experimental design, using the multiple imputation approach to account for missing data.
RESULTS: There was evidence that the missing blood pressure data were not missing completely at random as subjects with more blood pressure readings tended to have higher recorded values. For statins, the mixed model estimated a change in systolic blood pressure of -3.80 mmHg (99\% confidence interval (CI): from -3.97 to -3.63), similar to the quasi- experimental model and to the -4.00 mmHg estimated from clinical trials. Sensitivity analyses indicate that these estimates are robust. For rofecoxib, the change in systolic blood pressure were 2.20 mmHg (99\%CI: 1.09-3.32) and 1.21 mmHg (99\%CI: 0.21-2.22) for the two methods, respectively, again confirming the findings of randomized trials.
CONCLUSION: With appropriate statistical techniques, GPRD blood pressure data can be used to estimate blood pressure changes secondary to drug therapy.},
language = {eng},
number = {6},
journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
author = {Delaney, Joseph A. C. and Moodie, Erica E. M. and Suissa, Samy},
month = jun,
year = {2008},
pmid = {18265414},
keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Blood Pressure, Cohort Studies, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Databases, Factual, Great Britain, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Linear Models, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Time Factors, Warfarin, pharmacoepidemiology},
pages = {535--545}
}2007 (6)
Ozone-initiated chemistry in an occupied simulated aircraft cabin. Weschler, C., J., Wisthaler, A., Cowlin, S., Tamás, G., Strøm-Tejsen, P., Hodgson, A., T., Destaillats, H., Herrington, J., Zhang, J., & Nazaroff, W., W. Environmental science & technology, 41(17):6177-84, 9, 2007.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex We have used multiple analytical methods to characterize the gas-phase products formed when ozone was added to cabin air during simulated 4-hour flights that were conducted in a reconstructed section of a B-767 aircraft containing human occupants. Two separate groups of 16 females were each exposed to four conditions: low air exchange (4.4 (h-1)), <2 ppb ozone; low air exchange, 61-64 ppb ozone; high air exchange (8.8 h(-1)), <2 ppb ozone; and high air exchange, 73-77 ppb ozone. The addition of ozone to the cabin air increased the levels of identified byproducts from approximately 70 to 130 ppb at the lower air exchange rate and from approximately 30 to 70 ppb at the higher air exchange rate. Most of the increase was attributable to acetone, nonanal, decanal, 4-oxopentanal (4-OPA), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO), formic acid, and acetic acid, with 0.25-0.30 mol of quantified product volatilized per mol of ozone consumed. Several of these compounds reached levels above their reported odor thresholds. Most byproducts were derived from surface reactions with occupants and their clothing, consistent with the inference that occupants were responsible for the removal of >55% of the ozone in the cabin. The observations made in this study have implications for other indoor settings. Whenever human beings and ozone are simultaneously present, one anticipates production of acetone, nonanal, decanal, 6-MHO, geranyl acetone, and 4-OPA.
@article{
title = {Ozone-initiated chemistry in an occupied simulated aircraft cabin.},
type = {article},
year = {2007},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Acetic Acid,Acetic Acid: analysis,Acetone,Acetone: analysis,Air Movements,Air Pollutants,Air Pollutants: analysis,Air Pollution, Indoor,Air Pollution, Indoor: analysis,Aircraft,Aldehydes,Aldehydes: analysis,Clothing,Female,Formates,Formates: analysis,Humans,Ketones,Ketones: analysis,Models, Theoretical,Ozone,Ozone: chemistry,Terpenes,Terpenes: analysis,Time Factors,Ventilation,Volatilization},
pages = {6177-84},
volume = {41},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17937299},
month = {9},
day = {1},
id = {4c914859-3c94-3efd-ad4b-d60b98cc13db},
created = {2014-11-13T17:56:03.000Z},
file_attached = {true},
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group_id = {63e349d6-2c70-3938-9e67-2f6483f6cbab},
last_modified = {2014-11-18T21:13:47.000Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {We have used multiple analytical methods to characterize the gas-phase products formed when ozone was added to cabin air during simulated 4-hour flights that were conducted in a reconstructed section of a B-767 aircraft containing human occupants. Two separate groups of 16 females were each exposed to four conditions: low air exchange (4.4 (h-1)), <2 ppb ozone; low air exchange, 61-64 ppb ozone; high air exchange (8.8 h(-1)), <2 ppb ozone; and high air exchange, 73-77 ppb ozone. The addition of ozone to the cabin air increased the levels of identified byproducts from approximately 70 to 130 ppb at the lower air exchange rate and from approximately 30 to 70 ppb at the higher air exchange rate. Most of the increase was attributable to acetone, nonanal, decanal, 4-oxopentanal (4-OPA), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO), formic acid, and acetic acid, with 0.25-0.30 mol of quantified product volatilized per mol of ozone consumed. Several of these compounds reached levels above their reported odor thresholds. Most byproducts were derived from surface reactions with occupants and their clothing, consistent with the inference that occupants were responsible for the removal of >55% of the ozone in the cabin. The observations made in this study have implications for other indoor settings. Whenever human beings and ozone are simultaneously present, one anticipates production of acetone, nonanal, decanal, 6-MHO, geranyl acetone, and 4-OPA.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Weschler, Charles J and Wisthaler, Armin and Cowlin, Shannon and Tamás, Gyöngyi and Strøm-Tejsen, Peter and Hodgson, Alfred T and Destaillats, Hugo and Herrington, Jason and Zhang, Junfeng and Nazaroff, William W},
journal = {Environmental science & technology},
number = {17}
}Compact ultrafast orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer for on-line gas analysis by electron impact ionization and soft single photon ionization using an electron beam pumped rare gas excimer lamp as VUV-light source. Muhlberger, F., Saraji-Bozorgzad, M., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Zimmermann, R., Mühlberger, F., Saraji-Bozorgzad, M., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., & Zimmermann, R. Analytical chemistry, 79(21):8118-24, 11, 2007.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex Orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometers (oaTOFMS), which are exhibiting a pulsed orthogonal extraction of ion bunches into the TOF mass analyzer from a continuous primary ion beam, are well-suited for continuous ionization methods such as electron impact ionization (EI). Recently an electron beam pumped rare gas excimer lamp (EBEL) was introduced, which emits intensive vacuum UV (VUV) radiation at, e.g., 126 nm (argon excimer) and is well suited as the light source for soft single photon ionization (SPI) of organic molecules. In this paper, a new compact oaTOFMS system which allows switching between SPI, using VUV-light from an EBEL-light source, and conventional EI is described. With the oaTOFMS system, EBEL-SPI and EI mass spectral transients can be recorded at very high repetition rates (up to 100 kHz), enabling high duty cycles and therefore good detection efficiencies. By using a transient recorder card with the capability to perform on-board accumulation of the oaTOF transients, final mass spectra with a dynamic range of 106 can be saved to the hard disk at a rate of 10 Hz. As it is possible to change the ionization modes (EI and SPI) rapidly, a comprehensive monitoring of complex gases with highly dynamic compositions, such as cigarette smoke, is possible. In this context, the EI based mass spectra address the bulk composition (compounds such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. in the up to percentage concentration range) as well as some inorganic trace gases such as argon, sulfur dioxide, etc. down to the low ppm level. The EBEL-SPI mass spectra on the other hand are revealing the organic composition down to the lower ppb concentration range.
@article{
title = {Compact ultrafast orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer for on-line gas analysis by electron impact ionization and soft single photon ionization using an electron beam pumped rare gas excimer lamp as VUV-light source.},
type = {article},
year = {2007},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Acceleration,Argon,Argon: chemistry,Electrons,Electrospray Ionization,Electrospray Ionization: instrumentation,Electrospray Ionization: methods,Equipment Design,Gases,Gases: analysis,Mass,Molecular Structure,Photons,Sensitivity and Specificity,Spectrometry,Time Factors,Ultraviolet Rays},
pages = {8118-24},
volume = {79},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17900147},
month = {11},
day = {1},
id = {b1fe8276-8ee7-3cba-836c-14acbaa0c968},
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last_modified = {2015-05-08T12:55:30.000Z},
tags = {Amer Chemical Soc},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
source_type = {Journal Article},
notes = {<b>From Duplicate 1 ( </b><br/><b><br/><i>Compact ultrafast orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer for on-line gas analysis by electron impact ionization and soft single photon ionization using an electron beam pumped rare gas excimer lamp as VUV-light source</i><br/></b><br/><b>- Mühlberger, F; Saraji-Bozorgzad, M; Gonin, M; Fuhrer, K; Zimmermann, R )<br/><br/></b><br/><br/>Times Cited: 0<br/>Article<br/>English<br/>Cited References Count: 61<br/>226jh},
abstract = {Orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometers (oaTOFMS), which are exhibiting a pulsed orthogonal extraction of ion bunches into the TOF mass analyzer from a continuous primary ion beam, are well-suited for continuous ionization methods such as electron impact ionization (EI). Recently an electron beam pumped rare gas excimer lamp (EBEL) was introduced, which emits intensive vacuum UV (VUV) radiation at, e.g., 126 nm (argon excimer) and is well suited as the light source for soft single photon ionization (SPI) of organic molecules. In this paper, a new compact oaTOFMS system which allows switching between SPI, using VUV-light from an EBEL-light source, and conventional EI is described. With the oaTOFMS system, EBEL-SPI and EI mass spectral transients can be recorded at very high repetition rates (up to 100 kHz), enabling high duty cycles and therefore good detection efficiencies. By using a transient recorder card with the capability to perform on-board accumulation of the oaTOF transients, final mass spectra with a dynamic range of 106 can be saved to the hard disk at a rate of 10 Hz. As it is possible to change the ionization modes (EI and SPI) rapidly, a comprehensive monitoring of complex gases with highly dynamic compositions, such as cigarette smoke, is possible. In this context, the EI based mass spectra address the bulk composition (compounds such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. in the up to percentage concentration range) as well as some inorganic trace gases such as argon, sulfur dioxide, etc. down to the low ppm level. The EBEL-SPI mass spectra on the other hand are revealing the organic composition down to the lower ppb concentration range.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Muhlberger, F. and Saraji-Bozorgzad, M. and Gonin, M. and Fuhrer, K. and Zimmermann, R. and Mühlberger, F and Saraji-Bozorgzad, M. and Gonin, M. and Fuhrer, K. and Zimmermann, R.},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
number = {21}
}Impact of massage therapy on anxiety levels in patients undergoing radiation therapy: randomized controlled trial. Campeau, M., Gaboriault, R., Drapeau, M., Nguyen, T. V., Roy, I., Fortin, B., Marois, M., Nguyen-Tân, & Félix, P. Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology, 5(4):133--138, 2007.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Anxiety is a major issue in the cancer patient population. This randomized phase III trial evaluated the effects of massage therapy on anxiety levels in patients undergoing radiation therapy. Patients undergoing radiation therapy were randomly assigned to either 10 massage sessions or control sessions. Anxiety levels were evaluated throughout the course of treatment using both the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The immediate effect of massage therapy on anxiety scores was measured via pre- and postmassage VAS scores. The intermediate-term effect of massage was assessed through the VAS scores over the 10 sessions and STAI scores at the last session. The trial's primary outcome was the difference in intermediate-term anxiety scores, whereas the secondary outcome was the difference in immediate anxiety scores. Between January 2006 and June 2006, 100 patients were randomized. After their massage, the patients' immediate postmassage anxiety score according to the VAS was reduced by an average of 45% compared with their premassage score (p \textless .001). No impact of massage therapy on intermediate-term anxiety scores was observed. Both groups showed a similar decline in VAS anxiety scores from the first to the last session, that is, 15% and 19% in the massage therapy and control groups, respectively (p = .73). Furthermore, no difference was observed between the groups' respective state-anxiety scores after the 10 sessions. Massage therapy is associated with a significant, immediate decrease in anxiety scores. However, massage therapy appears to have no major impact on intermediate-term anxiety in patients undergoing radiation therapy.
@article{ campeau_impact_2007,
title = {Impact of massage therapy on anxiety levels in patients undergoing radiation therapy: randomized controlled trial},
volume = {5},
issn = {1715-894X},
shorttitle = {Impact of massage therapy on anxiety levels in patients undergoing radiation therapy},
abstract = {Anxiety is a major issue in the cancer patient population. This randomized phase III trial evaluated the effects of massage therapy on anxiety levels in patients undergoing radiation therapy. Patients undergoing radiation therapy were randomly assigned to either 10 massage sessions or control sessions. Anxiety levels were evaluated throughout the course of treatment using both the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The immediate effect of massage therapy on anxiety scores was measured via pre- and postmassage VAS scores. The intermediate-term effect of massage was assessed through the VAS scores over the 10 sessions and STAI scores at the last session. The trial's primary outcome was the difference in intermediate-term anxiety scores, whereas the secondary outcome was the difference in immediate anxiety scores. Between January 2006 and June 2006, 100 patients were randomized. After their massage, the patients' immediate postmassage anxiety score according to the VAS was reduced by an average of 45% compared with their premassage score (p {\textless} .001). No impact of massage therapy on intermediate-term anxiety scores was observed. Both groups showed a similar decline in VAS anxiety scores from the first to the last session, that is, 15% and 19% in the massage therapy and control groups, respectively (p = .73). Furthermore, no difference was observed between the groups' respective state-anxiety scores after the 10 sessions. Massage therapy is associated with a significant, immediate decrease in anxiety scores. However, massage therapy appears to have no major impact on intermediate-term anxiety in patients undergoing radiation therapy.},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
journal = {Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology},
author = {Campeau, Marie-Pierre and Gaboriault, Réal and Drapeau, Martine and Van Nguyen, Thu and Roy, Isabelle and Fortin, Bernard and Marois, Mariette and Nguyen-Tân, Phuc Félix},
year = {2007},
pmid = {19087756},
keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Massage, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Pain Measurement, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Questionnaires, Radiotherapy, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome},
pages = {133--138}
}Diclofenac and acute myocardial infarction in patients with no major risk factors. Jick, S. S., Kaye, J. A., & Jick, H. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 64(5):662--667, November, 2007.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
AIMS: To explore further a recent finding that long-term users of diclofenac are at increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) similar to users of rofecoxib and celecoxib. METHODS: Using the General Practice Research Database, we conducted three separate nested case-control studies of three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) where use started after 1 January 1993--diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen. Cases of AMI were identified between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2000. Relative risk (RR) estimates for AMI in patients with no major clinical risk factors were determined for each NSAID according to number of prescriptions received compared with one prescription. Results were adjusted for variables possibly related to risk of AMI. RESULTS: There was no material elevation of AMI risk according to the number of prescriptions for ibuprofen [RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) and 1.7 (0.9, 3.1) for use of 10-19 and 20+ prescriptions, respectively, compared with one prescription] or naproxen [RRs 1.0 (0.5, 2.2) and 2.0 (0.9, 4.5) for use of 10-19 and 20+ prescriptions, respectively]. However, a substantial increased risk similar to that obtained in our prior study was found in patients who received \textgreateror=10 prescriptions for diclofenac [RRs 1.9 (1.3, 2.7) and 2.0 (1.3, 3.0) for use of 10-19 and 20+ prescriptions, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive use of diclofenac substantially increases the risk of AMI. There is little suggestion of such an effect in users of ibuprofen and naproxen.
@article{jick_diclofenac_2007,
title = {Diclofenac and acute myocardial infarction in patients with no major risk factors},
volume = {64},
issn = {0306-5251},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02942.x},
abstract = {AIMS: To explore further a recent finding that long-term users of diclofenac are at increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) similar to users of rofecoxib and celecoxib.
METHODS: Using the General Practice Research Database, we conducted three separate nested case-control studies of three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) where use started after 1 January 1993--diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen. Cases of AMI were identified between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2000. Relative risk (RR) estimates for AMI in patients with no major clinical risk factors were determined for each NSAID according to number of prescriptions received compared with one prescription. Results were adjusted for variables possibly related to risk of AMI.
RESULTS: There was no material elevation of AMI risk according to the number of prescriptions for ibuprofen [RRs and 95\% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) and 1.7 (0.9, 3.1) for use of 10-19 and 20+ prescriptions, respectively, compared with one prescription] or naproxen [RRs 1.0 (0.5, 2.2) and 2.0 (0.9, 4.5) for use of 10-19 and 20+ prescriptions, respectively]. However, a substantial increased risk similar to that obtained in our prior study was found in patients who received {\textgreater}or=10 prescriptions for diclofenac [RRs 1.9 (1.3, 2.7) and 2.0 (1.3, 3.0) for use of 10-19 and 20+ prescriptions, respectively].
CONCLUSIONS: Extensive use of diclofenac substantially increases the risk of AMI. There is little suggestion of such an effect in users of ibuprofen and naproxen.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
author = {Jick, Susan S. and Kaye, James A. and Jick, Hershel},
month = nov,
year = {2007},
pmid = {17509036},
pmcid = {PMC2203275},
keywords = {Acute Disease, Adult, Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Diclofenac, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome},
pages = {662--667}
}Point/Counterpoint. Kilovoltage imaging is more suitable than megavoltage imaging for guiding radiation therapy. Xing, L., Chang, J., & Orton, C., G. Med Phys, 34(12):4563-4566, 2007.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Point/Counterpoint. Kilovoltage imaging is more suitable than megavoltage imaging for guiding radiation therapy},
type = {article},
year = {2007},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Artifacts,Cone-Beam Computed Tomography,Costs and Cost Analysis,Humans,Imaging, Three-Dimensional,Radiation Dosage,Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted/adverse effects/ec,Radiotherapy, High-Energy/adverse effects/economic,Time Factors,Tomography, X-Ray Computed},
pages = {4563-4566},
volume = {34},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18196781},
edition = {2008/01/17},
id = {adb0e15d-59c1-35fc-8e91-0b76ebd9eba7},
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read = {false},
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source_type = {Journal Article},
language = {eng},
notes = {<m:note>Xing, Lei<m:linebreak/>Chang, Jenghwa<m:linebreak/>Orton, Colin G<m:linebreak/>United States<m:linebreak/>Medical physics<m:linebreak/>Med Phys. 2007 Dec;34(12):4563-6.</m:note>},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Xing, L and Chang, J and Orton, C G},
journal = {Med Phys},
number = {12}
}Evaluation of the effect of Dardia Lipo Line on skin inflammation induced by surfactants using the repeated open-application test. Ortonne, J., P. & Queille-Roussel, C. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 21 Suppl 2:19-25, 2007.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Medical skin care products are topical preparations with mainly moisturizing properties. A new line of medical skin products with an excellent tolerability profile and improved hydration for dry skin has been developed, but beneficial effects have not yet been investigated on damaged skin. AIM: To investigate if these products maintain barrier function and hydration status, improve subjective symptoms due to irritant contact dermatitis and to prove their tolerability on damaged skin. DESIGN AND METHODS: Single-centre, blinded, randomized, controlled study in 20 healthy Caucasian women. 5% sodium lauryl sulphate solution was used to induce skin irritation. Two sites on the inside surface of both forearms of each subject were treated daily for 5 days (irritation period). Lipo Cream, Lipo Milk (water-in-oil emulsions) and Lipo Ointment (water-free formulation) were applied twice daily to three of the four test sites on days 1-5. The fourth site was used as a control. Visual readings, subjective symptom assessments, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and colorimetric measurements, corneometry and skin microrelief macrophotographies were done on days 1-6. RESULTS: On day 6, TEWL was increased vs baseline on all sites; however, TEWL with Lipo Cream or Lipo Ointment was significantly lower than control. At day 6, skin capacitance was 94%, 100% and 85% of baseline value for the cream, milk and ointment, respectively, versus 72% for control. All test products were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Lipo Line products showed both protective properties against epidermal dysfunction and significant hydrating effect.
@article{
title = {Evaluation of the effect of Dardia Lipo Line on skin inflammation induced by surfactants using the repeated open-application test},
type = {article},
year = {2007},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Administration, Topical,Adult,Dermatitis/*drug therapy/etiology,Emulsions/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use,Female,Humans,Ointments/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use,Skin Diseases/*drug therapy,Time Factors},
pages = {19-25},
volume = {21 Suppl 2},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17716288},
edition = {2007/10/11},
id = {c89a6be1-0a00-3dab-907a-652b3b2e3703},
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read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
source_type = {Journal Article},
language = {eng},
notes = {<m:note>Ortonne, J-P<m:linebreak/>Queille-Roussel, C<m:linebreak/>Randomized Controlled Trial<m:linebreak/>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't<m:linebreak/>Netherlands<m:linebreak/>Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV<m:linebreak/>Jdv2383<m:linebreak/>J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007 Sep;21 Suppl 2:19-25.</m:note>},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Medical skin care products are topical preparations with mainly moisturizing properties. A new line of medical skin products with an excellent tolerability profile and improved hydration for dry skin has been developed, but beneficial effects have not yet been investigated on damaged skin. AIM: To investigate if these products maintain barrier function and hydration status, improve subjective symptoms due to irritant contact dermatitis and to prove their tolerability on damaged skin. DESIGN AND METHODS: Single-centre, blinded, randomized, controlled study in 20 healthy Caucasian women. 5% sodium lauryl sulphate solution was used to induce skin irritation. Two sites on the inside surface of both forearms of each subject were treated daily for 5 days (irritation period). Lipo Cream, Lipo Milk (water-in-oil emulsions) and Lipo Ointment (water-free formulation) were applied twice daily to three of the four test sites on days 1-5. The fourth site was used as a control. Visual readings, subjective symptom assessments, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and colorimetric measurements, corneometry and skin microrelief macrophotographies were done on days 1-6. RESULTS: On day 6, TEWL was increased vs baseline on all sites; however, TEWL with Lipo Cream or Lipo Ointment was significantly lower than control. At day 6, skin capacitance was 94%, 100% and 85% of baseline value for the cream, milk and ointment, respectively, versus 72% for control. All test products were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Lipo Line products showed both protective properties against epidermal dysfunction and significant hydrating effect.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Ortonne, J P and Queille-Roussel, C},
journal = {J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol}
}2006 (2)
A long-term population-based clinical and morbidity review of Prader-Willi syndrome in Western Australia. Thomson, A., K., Glasson, E., J., & Bittles, A., H. J Intellect Disabil Res, 50(Pt 1):69-78, 2006.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: An investigation of the clinical morbidity and genetic profiles of individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) in Western Australia (WA) was undertaken as part of a wider study into the effects of intellectual disability (ID) on the life course of individuals. METHODS: All persons with a diagnosis of PWS were identified from the records of the Disability Services Commission of WA (DSC). The DSC client files formed the main data source, and were supplemented by information from other state health data sets. The analysis was retrospective and quantitative in nature. RESULTS: A total of 56 individuals were identified, 10 of whom exhibited normal methylation patterns and so were analysed separately (PWS-like). The ages of the PWS group ranged from 0.9 to 48.3 years, with six persons deceased. Most people with PWS (76%) had mild or moderate ID, and 70% lived in their family home. The birth prevalence of the disorder was 1 in 29 500 births. Respiratory disorders, dentistry and gastrointestinal disorders were common reasons for hospital admission, with epilepsy or convulsions also reported at moderate frequency. The PWS-like group shared many clinical features in common with PWS patients, the principal exceptions being hypotonia and feeding difficulties in infancy. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated birth prevalence of PWS was lower than expected; however, the case ascertainment method may have excluded some individuals. Older people with PWS were generally living in sheltered accommodation. As the cohort ages, demand for places in similar accommodation will increase, adding to the existing burden on service providers. Substantial future increases in the use of medical services and hospital-based care also are predicted with the onset of age-associated disorders.
@article{
title = {A long-term population-based clinical and morbidity review of Prader-Willi syndrome in Western Australia},
type = {article},
year = {2006},
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pages = {69-78},
volume = {50},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16316432},
edition = {2005/12/01},
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notes = {<m:note>Thomson, A K<m:linebreak/>Glasson, E J<m:linebreak/>Bittles, A H<m:linebreak/>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't<m:linebreak/>England<m:linebreak/>Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR<m:linebreak/>Jir770<m:linebreak/>J Intellect Disabil Res. 2006 Jan;50(Pt 1):69-78.</m:note>},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: An investigation of the clinical morbidity and genetic profiles of individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) in Western Australia (WA) was undertaken as part of a wider study into the effects of intellectual disability (ID) on the life course of individuals. METHODS: All persons with a diagnosis of PWS were identified from the records of the Disability Services Commission of WA (DSC). The DSC client files formed the main data source, and were supplemented by information from other state health data sets. The analysis was retrospective and quantitative in nature. RESULTS: A total of 56 individuals were identified, 10 of whom exhibited normal methylation patterns and so were analysed separately (PWS-like). The ages of the PWS group ranged from 0.9 to 48.3 years, with six persons deceased. Most people with PWS (76%) had mild or moderate ID, and 70% lived in their family home. The birth prevalence of the disorder was 1 in 29 500 births. Respiratory disorders, dentistry and gastrointestinal disorders were common reasons for hospital admission, with epilepsy or convulsions also reported at moderate frequency. The PWS-like group shared many clinical features in common with PWS patients, the principal exceptions being hypotonia and feeding difficulties in infancy. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated birth prevalence of PWS was lower than expected; however, the case ascertainment method may have excluded some individuals. Older people with PWS were generally living in sheltered accommodation. As the cohort ages, demand for places in similar accommodation will increase, adding to the existing burden on service providers. Substantial future increases in the use of medical services and hospital-based care also are predicted with the onset of age-associated disorders.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Thomson, A K and Glasson, E J and Bittles, A H},
journal = {J Intellect Disabil Res},
number = {Pt 1}
}CGRP stimulates gill carbonic anhydrase activity in molluscs via a common CT/CGRP receptor. Cudennec, B., Rousseau, M., Lopez, E., & Fouchereau-Peron, M. Peptides, 27(11):2678-82, 11, 2006.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex The physiological significance of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during biomineralization was investigated by assessing the effect of human CGRP on the carbonic anhydrase activity in gill membranes of the pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera. Salmon CT and human CGRP were able to induce a 150% increase of the basal activity. No additive effect was observed suggesting that both activities are mediated by the same receptor. The CGRP-stimulated effect was specific as demonstrated by the inhibition produced by the CGRP antagonist, hCGRP8-37. So, CGRP by its specific action on gill carbonic anhydrase controls the calcification process, an ancient role both in invertebrates and non-mammalian vertebrates.
@article{
title = {CGRP stimulates gill carbonic anhydrase activity in molluscs via a common CT/CGRP receptor.},
type = {article},
year = {2006},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Animals,Calcification, Physiologic,Calcification, Physiologic: drug effects,Calcification, Physiologic: physiology,Calcitonin,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide: pharmacology,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide: physiology,Calcitonin: pharmacology,Carbonic Anhydrases,Carbonic Anhydrases: drug effects,Carbonic Anhydrases: metabolism,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug,Gills,Gills: drug effects,Gills: enzymology,Humans,Peptide Fragments,Peptide Fragments: pharmacology,Peptide Fragments: physiology,Pinctada,Pinctada: drug effects,Pinctada: enzymology,Pinctada: metabolism,Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide,Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide: metabo,Salmon,Time Factors},
pages = {2678-82},
volume = {27},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16797782},
month = {11},
id = {4a6c6825-2bd2-3b59-88c2-bdb97ceedb94},
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abstract = {The physiological significance of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during biomineralization was investigated by assessing the effect of human CGRP on the carbonic anhydrase activity in gill membranes of the pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera. Salmon CT and human CGRP were able to induce a 150% increase of the basal activity. No additive effect was observed suggesting that both activities are mediated by the same receptor. The CGRP-stimulated effect was specific as demonstrated by the inhibition produced by the CGRP antagonist, hCGRP8-37. So, CGRP by its specific action on gill carbonic anhydrase controls the calcification process, an ancient role both in invertebrates and non-mammalian vertebrates.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Cudennec, Benoit and Rousseau, Marthe and Lopez, Evelyne and Fouchereau-Peron, Martine},
journal = {Peptides},
number = {11}
}2005 (5)
Protein tagging and detection with engineered self-assembling fragments of green fluorescent protein. Cabantous, S., Terwilliger, T. C, & Waldo, G. S Nature Biotechnology, 23(1):102--107, January, 2005.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Existing protein tagging and detection methods are powerful but have drawbacks. Split protein tags can perturb protein solubility or may not work in living cells. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions can misfold or exhibit altered processing. Fluorogenic biarsenical FLaSH or ReASH substrates overcome many of these limitations but require a polycysteine tag motif, a reducing environment and cell transfection or permeabilization. An ideal protein tag would be genetically encoded, would work both in vivo and in vitro, would provide a sensitive analytical signal and would not require external chemical reagents or substrates. One way to accomplish this might be with a split GFP, but the GFP fragments reported thus far are large and fold poorly, require chemical ligation or fused interacting partners to force their association, or require coexpression or co-refolding to produce detectable folded and fluorescent GFP. We have engineered soluble, self-associating fragments of GFP that can be used to tag and detect either soluble or insoluble proteins in living cells or cell lysates. The split GFP system is simple and does not change fusion protein solubility.
@article{cabantous_protein_2005,
title = {Protein tagging and detection with engineered self-assembling fragments of green fluorescent protein},
volume = {23},
issn = {1087-0156},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15580262},
doi = {10.1038/nbt1044},
abstract = {Existing protein tagging and detection methods are powerful but have drawbacks. Split protein tags can perturb protein solubility or may not work in living cells. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions can misfold or exhibit altered processing. Fluorogenic biarsenical FLaSH or ReASH substrates overcome many of these limitations but require a polycysteine tag motif, a reducing environment and cell transfection or permeabilization. An ideal protein tag would be genetically encoded, would work both in vivo and in vitro, would provide a sensitive analytical signal and would not require external chemical reagents or substrates. One way to accomplish this might be with a split GFP, but the GFP fragments reported thus far are large and fold poorly, require chemical ligation or fused interacting partners to force their association, or require coexpression or co-refolding to produce detectable folded and fluorescent GFP. We have engineered soluble, self-associating fragments of GFP that can be used to tag and detect either soluble or insoluble proteins in living cells or cell lysates. The split GFP system is simple and does not change fusion protein solubility.},
number = {1},
urldate = {2009-05-03TZ},
journal = {Nature Biotechnology},
author = {Cabantous, Stéphanie and Terwilliger, Thomas C and Waldo, Geoffrey S},
month = jan,
year = {2005},
pmid = {15580262},
keywords = {Amino Acid Motifs, Cysteine, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Escherichia coli, Genetic Complementation Test, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Protein Binding, Protein Engineering, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Proteomics, Pyrobaculum, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Sensitivity and Specificity, Solubility, Time Factors},
pages = {102--107}
}Prognostic impact of positive surgical margins in surgically treated prostate cancer: multi-institutional assessment of 5831 patients. Karakiewicz, P. I., Eastham, J. A., Graefen, M., Cagiannos, I., Stricker, P. D., Klein, E., Cangiano, T., Schröder, F. H., Scardino, P. T., & Kattan, M. W. Urology, 66(6):1245–1250, December, 2005.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prognostic significance of a positive surgical margin in the radical prostatectomy specimen, and to test for the presence of statistically significant interactions between surgical margin status and select pathologic stage variables. METHODS: We combined prospectively collected data from 7816 consecutive patients treated with radical prostatectomy at eight institutions. The pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen level, pathologic Gleason sum, surgical margin status (positive versus negative), presence of extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle involvement, and pelvic lymph node status were examined as predictors of the rate of biochemical progression in 5831 patients with complete records. RESULTS: In multivariate Cox regression models, a positive surgical margin was associated with a 3.7-fold greater risk of progression (P = 0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant interaction was found between surgical margin status and Gleason sum 7 to 10 (P = 0.008) and lymph node invasion (P \textless 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a positive surgical margin in the radical prostatectomy specimen has an adverse effect on prognosis. The greatest risk of biochemical recurrence may be expected if a positive surgical margin is present with Gleason sum 7 to 10 disease or lymph node invasion.
@article{karakiewicz_prognostic_2005,
title = {Prognostic impact of positive surgical margins in surgically treated prostate cancer: multi-institutional assessment of 5831 patients},
volume = {66},
issn = {1527-9995},
shorttitle = {Prognostic impact of positive surgical margins in surgically treated prostate cancer},
doi = {10.1016/j.urology.2005.06.108},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess the prognostic significance of a positive surgical margin in the radical prostatectomy specimen, and to test for the presence of statistically significant interactions between surgical margin status and select pathologic stage variables.
METHODS: We combined prospectively collected data from 7816 consecutive patients treated with radical prostatectomy at eight institutions. The pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen level, pathologic Gleason sum, surgical margin status (positive versus negative), presence of extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle involvement, and pelvic lymph node status were examined as predictors of the rate of biochemical progression in 5831 patients with complete records.
RESULTS: In multivariate Cox regression models, a positive surgical margin was associated with a 3.7-fold greater risk of progression (P = 0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant interaction was found between surgical margin status and Gleason sum 7 to 10 (P = 0.008) and lymph node invasion (P {\textless} 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a positive surgical margin in the radical prostatectomy specimen has an adverse effect on prognosis. The greatest risk of biochemical recurrence may be expected if a positive surgical margin is present with Gleason sum 7 to 10 disease or lymph node invasion.},
language = {eng},
number = {6},
journal = {Urology},
author = {Karakiewicz, Pierre I. and Eastham, James A. and Graefen, Markus and Cagiannos, Ilias and Stricker, Phillip D. and Klein, Eric and Cangiano, Thomas and Schröder, Fritz H. and Scardino, Peter T. and Kattan, Michael W.},
month = dec,
year = {2005},
pmid = {16360451},
keywords = {Disease-Free Survival, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Prostatic Neoplasms, Time Factors},
pages = {1245--1250}
}Spatial variability of fine particle mass, components, and source contributions during the regional air pollution study in St. Louis. Kim, E., Hopke, P., K., Pinto, J., P., & Wilson, W., E. Environmental science & technology, 39(11):4172-9, 6, 2005.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex Community time-series epidemiology typically uses either 24-hour integrated particulate matter (PM) concentrations averaged across several monitors in a city or data obtained at a central monitoring site to relate PM concentrations to human health effects. If the day-to-day variations in 24-hour integrated concentrations differ substantially across an urban area (i.e., daily measurements at monitors at different locations are not highly correlated), then there is a significant potential for exposure misclassification in community time-series epidemiology. If the annual average concentration differs across an urban area, then there is a potential for exposure misclassification in epidemiologic studies that use annual averages (or multi-year averages) as an index of exposure across different cities. The spatial variability in PM2.5 (particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter), its elemental components, and the contributions from each source category at 10 monitoring sites in St. Louis, Missouri were characterized using the ambient PM2.5 compositional data set of the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) based on the Regional Air Monitoring System (RAMS) conducted between 1975 and 1977. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to each ambient PM2.5 compositional data set to estimate the contributions from the source categories. The spatial distributions of components and source contributions to PM2.5 at the 10 sites were characterized using Pearson correlation coefficients and coefficients of divergence. Sulfur and PM2.5 are highly correlated elements between all of the site pairs Although the secondary sulfate is the most highly correlated and shows the smallest spatial variability, there is a factor of 1.7 difference in secondary sulfate contributions between the highest and lowest site on average. Motor vehicles represent the next most highly correlated source component. However, there is a factor of 3.6 difference in motor vehicle contributions between the highest and lowest sites. The contributions from point source categories are much more variable. For example, the contributions from incinerators show a difference of a factor of 12.5 between the sites with the lowest and highest contributions. This study demonstrates that the spatial distributions of elemental components of PM2.5 and contributions from source categories can be highly heterogeneous within a given airshed and thus, there is the potential for exposure misclassification when a limited number of ambient PM monitors are used to represent population-average ambient exposures.
@article{
title = {Spatial variability of fine particle mass, components, and source contributions during the regional air pollution study in St. Louis.},
type = {article},
year = {2005},
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pages = {4172-9},
volume = {39},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15984797},
month = {6},
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abstract = {Community time-series epidemiology typically uses either 24-hour integrated particulate matter (PM) concentrations averaged across several monitors in a city or data obtained at a central monitoring site to relate PM concentrations to human health effects. If the day-to-day variations in 24-hour integrated concentrations differ substantially across an urban area (i.e., daily measurements at monitors at different locations are not highly correlated), then there is a significant potential for exposure misclassification in community time-series epidemiology. If the annual average concentration differs across an urban area, then there is a potential for exposure misclassification in epidemiologic studies that use annual averages (or multi-year averages) as an index of exposure across different cities. The spatial variability in PM2.5 (particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter), its elemental components, and the contributions from each source category at 10 monitoring sites in St. Louis, Missouri were characterized using the ambient PM2.5 compositional data set of the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) based on the Regional Air Monitoring System (RAMS) conducted between 1975 and 1977. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to each ambient PM2.5 compositional data set to estimate the contributions from the source categories. The spatial distributions of components and source contributions to PM2.5 at the 10 sites were characterized using Pearson correlation coefficients and coefficients of divergence. Sulfur and PM2.5 are highly correlated elements between all of the site pairs Although the secondary sulfate is the most highly correlated and shows the smallest spatial variability, there is a factor of 1.7 difference in secondary sulfate contributions between the highest and lowest site on average. Motor vehicles represent the next most highly correlated source component. However, there is a factor of 3.6 difference in motor vehicle contributions between the highest and lowest sites. The contributions from point source categories are much more variable. For example, the contributions from incinerators show a difference of a factor of 12.5 between the sites with the lowest and highest contributions. This study demonstrates that the spatial distributions of elemental components of PM2.5 and contributions from source categories can be highly heterogeneous within a given airshed and thus, there is the potential for exposure misclassification when a limited number of ambient PM monitors are used to represent population-average ambient exposures.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Kim, Eugene and Hopke, Philip K and Pinto, Joseph P and Wilson, William E},
journal = {Environmental science & technology},
number = {11}
}Towards a novel class of predictive microbial growth models. Van Impe, J., F., Poschet, F., Geeraerd, A., H., & Vereecken, K., M. International journal of food microbiology, 100(1-3):97-105, 4, 2005.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Food safety and quality are influenced by the presence (and possible proliferation) of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms during the life cycle of the product (i.e., from the raw ingredients at the start of the production process until the moment of consumption). In order to simulate and predict microbial evolution in foods, mathematical models are developed in the field of predictive microbiology. In general, microbial growth is a self-limiting process, principally due to either (i) the exhaustion of one of the essential nutrients, and/or (ii) the accumulation of toxic products that inhibit growth. Nowadays, most mathematical models used in predictive microbiology do not explicitly incorporate this basic microbial knowledge. In this paper, a novel class of microbial growth models is proposed. In contrast with the currently used logistic type models, e.g., the model of Baranyi and Roberts [Baranyi, J., Roberts, T.A., 1994. A dynamic approach to predicting bacterial growth in food. International Journal of Food Microbiology 23, 277-294], the novel model class explicitly incorporates nutrient exhaustion and/or metabolic waste product effects. As such, this novel model prototype constitutes an elementary building block to be extended in a natural way towards, e.g., microbial interactions in co-cultures (mediated by metabolic products) and microbial growth in structured foods (influenced by, e.g., local substrate concentrations). While under certain conditions the mathematical equivalence with classical logistic type models is clear and results in equal fitting capacities and parameter estimation quality (see Poschet et al. [Poschet, F., Vereecken, K.M., Geeraerd, A.H., Nicolai, B.M., Van Impe, J.F., 2004. Analysis of a novel class of predictive microbial growth models and application to co-culture growth. International Journal of Food Microbiology, this issue] for a more elaborated analysis in this respect), the biological interpretability and extendability represent the main added value.
@article{
title = {Towards a novel class of predictive microbial growth models.},
type = {article},
year = {2005},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Bacteria,Bacteria: growth & development,Bacteria: metabolism,Coculture Techniques,Consumer Product Safety,Food Microbiology,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration,Logistic Models,Models, Biological,Models, Theoretical,Predictive Value of Tests,Temperature,Time Factors},
pages = {97-105},
volume = {100},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15854696},
month = {4},
day = {15},
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abstract = {Food safety and quality are influenced by the presence (and possible proliferation) of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms during the life cycle of the product (i.e., from the raw ingredients at the start of the production process until the moment of consumption). In order to simulate and predict microbial evolution in foods, mathematical models are developed in the field of predictive microbiology. In general, microbial growth is a self-limiting process, principally due to either (i) the exhaustion of one of the essential nutrients, and/or (ii) the accumulation of toxic products that inhibit growth. Nowadays, most mathematical models used in predictive microbiology do not explicitly incorporate this basic microbial knowledge. In this paper, a novel class of microbial growth models is proposed. In contrast with the currently used logistic type models, e.g., the model of Baranyi and Roberts [Baranyi, J., Roberts, T.A., 1994. A dynamic approach to predicting bacterial growth in food. International Journal of Food Microbiology 23, 277-294], the novel model class explicitly incorporates nutrient exhaustion and/or metabolic waste product effects. As such, this novel model prototype constitutes an elementary building block to be extended in a natural way towards, e.g., microbial interactions in co-cultures (mediated by metabolic products) and microbial growth in structured foods (influenced by, e.g., local substrate concentrations). While under certain conditions the mathematical equivalence with classical logistic type models is clear and results in equal fitting capacities and parameter estimation quality (see Poschet et al. [Poschet, F., Vereecken, K.M., Geeraerd, A.H., Nicolai, B.M., Van Impe, J.F., 2004. Analysis of a novel class of predictive microbial growth models and application to co-culture growth. International Journal of Food Microbiology, this issue] for a more elaborated analysis in this respect), the biological interpretability and extendability represent the main added value.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Van Impe, J F and Poschet, F and Geeraerd, A H and Vereecken, K M},
journal = {International journal of food microbiology},
number = {1-3}
}On the meaning and existence of an effective population size. Sjödin, P., Kaj, I., Krone, S., Lascoux, M., & Nordborg, M. Genetics, 169(2):1061-70, 2, 2005.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex We investigate conditions under which a model with stochastic demography or population structure converges to the coalescent with a linear change in timescale. We argue that this is a necessary condition for the existence of a meaningful effective population size. We find that such a linear timescale change is obtained when demographic fluctuations and coalescence events occur on different timescales. Simple models of population structure and randomly fluctuating population size are used to exemplify the ideas and provide an intuitive feel for the meaning of the conditions.
@article{
title = {On the meaning and existence of an effective population size.},
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websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1449138&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
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abstract = {We investigate conditions under which a model with stochastic demography or population structure converges to the coalescent with a linear change in timescale. We argue that this is a necessary condition for the existence of a meaningful effective population size. We find that such a linear timescale change is obtained when demographic fluctuations and coalescence events occur on different timescales. Simple models of population structure and randomly fluctuating population size are used to exemplify the ideas and provide an intuitive feel for the meaning of the conditions.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Sjödin, P and Kaj, I and Krone, S and Lascoux, M and Nordborg, M},
journal = {Genetics},
number = {2}
}2004 (3)
Modelling the recent common ancestry of all living humans. Rohde, D., L., Olson, S., & Chang, J., T. Nature, 431(7008):562-566, 2004.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex If a common ancestor of all living humans is defined as an individual who is a genealogical ancestor of all present-day people, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for a randomly mating population would have lived in the very recent past. However, the random mating model ignores essential aspects of population substructure, such as the tendency of individuals to choose mates from the same social group, and the relative isolation of geographically separated groups. Here we show that recent common ancestors also emerge from two models incorporating substantial population substructure. One model, designed for simplicity and theoretical insight, yields explicit mathematical results through a probabilistic analysis. A more elaborate second model, designed to capture historical population dynamics in a more realistic way, is analysed computationally through Monte Carlo simulations. These analyses suggest that the genealogies of all living humans overlap in remarkable ways in the recent past. In particular, the MRCA of all present-day humans lived just a few thousand years ago in these models. Moreover, among all individuals living more than just a few thousand years earlier than the MRCA, each present-day human has exactly the same set of genealogical ancestors.
@article{
title = {Modelling the recent common ancestry of all living humans},
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year = {2004},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {*Computer Simulation,*Pedigree,*Phylogeny,Emigration and Immigration,Female,Geography,Humans,Male,Monte Carlo Method,Population Density,Population Dynamics,Reproduction,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Time Factors},
pages = {562-566},
volume = {431},
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abstract = {If a common ancestor of all living humans is defined as an individual who is a genealogical ancestor of all present-day people, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for a randomly mating population would have lived in the very recent past. However, the random mating model ignores essential aspects of population substructure, such as the tendency of individuals to choose mates from the same social group, and the relative isolation of geographically separated groups. Here we show that recent common ancestors also emerge from two models incorporating substantial population substructure. One model, designed for simplicity and theoretical insight, yields explicit mathematical results through a probabilistic analysis. A more elaborate second model, designed to capture historical population dynamics in a more realistic way, is analysed computationally through Monte Carlo simulations. These analyses suggest that the genealogies of all living humans overlap in remarkable ways in the recent past. In particular, the MRCA of all present-day humans lived just a few thousand years ago in these models. Moreover, among all individuals living more than just a few thousand years earlier than the MRCA, each present-day human has exactly the same set of genealogical ancestors.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Rohde, D L and Olson, S and Chang, J T},
journal = {Nature},
number = {7008}
}Higher respiratory activity decreases mitochondrial reactive oxygen release and increases life span in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Barros, M. H, Bandy, B., Tahara, E. B, & Kowaltowski, A. J The Journal of biological chemistry, 279(48):49883--49888, November, 2004.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Increased replicative longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae because of calorie restriction has been linked to enhanced mitochondrial respiratory activity. Here we have further investigated how mitochondrial respiration affects yeast life span. We found that calorie restriction by growth in low glucose increased respiration but decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production relative to oxygen consumption. Calorie restriction also enhanced chronological life span. The beneficial effects of calorie restriction on mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species release, and replicative and chronological life span could be mimicked by uncoupling agents such as dinitrophenol. Conversely, chronological life span decreased in cells treated with antimycin (which strongly increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation) or in yeast mutants null for mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (which removes superoxide radicals) and for RTG2 (which participates in retrograde feedback signaling between mitochondria and the nucleus). These results suggest that yeast aging is linked to changes in mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress and that mild mitochondrial uncoupling can increase both chronological and replicative life span.
@article{barros_higher_2004,
title = {Higher respiratory activity decreases mitochondrial reactive oxygen release and increases life span in {Saccharomyces} cerevisiae.},
volume = {279},
issn = {0021-9258},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15383542},
doi = {10.1074/jbc.M408918200},
abstract = {Increased replicative longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae because of calorie restriction has been linked to enhanced mitochondrial respiratory activity. Here we have further investigated how mitochondrial respiration affects yeast life span. We found that calorie restriction by growth in low glucose increased respiration but decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production relative to oxygen consumption. Calorie restriction also enhanced chronological life span. The beneficial effects of calorie restriction on mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species release, and replicative and chronological life span could be mimicked by uncoupling agents such as dinitrophenol. Conversely, chronological life span decreased in cells treated with antimycin (which strongly increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation) or in yeast mutants null for mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (which removes superoxide radicals) and for RTG2 (which participates in retrograde feedback signaling between mitochondria and the nucleus). These results suggest that yeast aging is linked to changes in mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress and that mild mitochondrial uncoupling can increase both chronological and replicative life span.},
number = {48},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
author = {Barros, Mario H and Bandy, Brian and Tahara, Erich B and Kowaltowski, Alicia J},
month = nov,
year = {2004},
pmid = {15383542},
keywords = {Mitochondria, Mitochondria: physiology, Oxygen Consumption, Oxygen Consumption: physiology, Reactive Oxygen Species, Reactive Oxygen Species: metabolism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae: physiology, Time Factors},
pages = {49883--49888}
}Human evolution: pedigrees for all humanity. Hein, J. Nature, 431(7008):518-519, 2004.
Paper bibtex
Paper bibtex @article{
title = {Human evolution: pedigrees for all humanity},
type = {article},
year = {2004},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {*Computer Simulation,*Pedigree,*Phylogeny,DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics,Emigration and Immigration,Female,Geography,Humans,Male,Population Density,Population Dynamics,Time Factors},
pages = {518-519},
volume = {431},
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bibtype = {article},
author = {Hein, J},
journal = {Nature},
number = {7008}
}2003 (2)
Late-onset cytomegalovirus reactivation in critically ill renal transplant patients. Jochimsen, F., Westhoff, T., Engelmann, E., Schafer, J., Offermann, G., & Zidek, W. Transplantation, 76(2):430--432, July, 2003.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation occurs frequently in the first months after renal transplantation. However, reports concerning long-term kidney transplant recipients are rare and have always pertained to symptomatic CMV disease. METHODS: We report four cases of late-onset asymptomatic CMV reactivation in critically ill renal transplant patients who suffered from severe bacterial infections and in whom CMV antigenemia was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: CMV reactivation in these patients might indicate an additional disturbance in the patients' immune defenses at the time of critical illness, possibly even necessitating a temporary reduction in immunosuppressive therapy. Prospective, controlled trials are needed to define the role of CMV antigenemia in critically ill patients, including the role of antiviral therapy for asymptomatic reactivations.
@article{jochimsen_late-onset_2003,
title = {Late-onset cytomegalovirus reactivation in critically ill renal transplant patients.},
volume = {76},
issn = {0041-1337 0041-1337},
doi = {10.1097/01.TP.0000075091.80548.5B},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation occurs frequently in the first months after renal transplantation. However, reports concerning long-term kidney transplant recipients are rare and have always pertained to symptomatic CMV disease. METHODS: We report four cases of late-onset asymptomatic CMV reactivation in critically ill renal transplant patients who suffered from severe bacterial infections and in whom CMV antigenemia was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: CMV reactivation in these patients might indicate an additional disturbance in the patients' immune defenses at the time of critical illness, possibly even necessitating a temporary reduction in immunosuppressive therapy. Prospective, controlled trials are needed to define the role of CMV antigenemia in critically ill patients, including the role of antiviral therapy for asymptomatic reactivations.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Transplantation},
author = {Jochimsen, Friederike and Westhoff, Timm and Engelmann, Elisabeth and Schafer, Jurgen-Heiner and Offermann, Gerd and Zidek, Walter},
month = jul,
year = {2003},
pmid = {12883206},
keywords = {*Kidney Transplantation, Acute Disease, Aged, Antiviral Agents/administration \& dosage, Bacterial Infections/*complications, Critical Illness, Cytomegalovirus Infections/*complications/drug therapy, Female, Ganciclovir/administration \& dosage, Humans, Middle Aged, Neutrophils/virology, Phosphoproteins/analysis, Recurrence, Superinfection/complications, Time Factors, Viral Matrix Proteins/analysis},
pages = {430--432}
}Influence of oxygen partial pressures on protein synthesis in feeding crabs. Mente, E., Legeay, A., Houlihan, D., F., & Massabuau, J. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 284(2):R500-10, 2, 2003.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex Many water-breathing animals have a strategy that consists of maintaining low blood PO2 values in a large range of water oxygenation level (4-40 kPa). This study examines the postprandial changes in O2 consumption, arterial blood PO2, and tissue protein synthesis in the shore crab Carcinus maenas in normoxic, O2-depleted, and O2-enriched waters to study the effects of this strategy on the O2 consumption and peptide bond formation after feeding. In normoxic water (21 kPa), the arterial PO2 was 1.1 kPa before feeding and 1.2 kPa 24 h later. In water with a PO2 of 3 kPa (arterial PO2 0.6 kPa), postprandial stimulation of protein synthesis and O2 consumption were blocked. The blockade was partial at a water PO2 of 4 kPa (arterial PO2 0.8 kPa). An increase in environmental PO2 (60 kPa, arterial PO2 10 kPa) resulted in an increase in protein synthesis compared with normoxic rates. It is concluded that the arterial PO2 spontaneously set in normoxic Carcinus limits the rates of protein synthesis. The rationale for such a strategy is discussed.
@article{
title = {Influence of oxygen partial pressures on protein synthesis in feeding crabs.},
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pages = {R500-10},
volume = {284},
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abstract = {Many water-breathing animals have a strategy that consists of maintaining low blood PO2 values in a large range of water oxygenation level (4-40 kPa). This study examines the postprandial changes in O2 consumption, arterial blood PO2, and tissue protein synthesis in the shore crab Carcinus maenas in normoxic, O2-depleted, and O2-enriched waters to study the effects of this strategy on the O2 consumption and peptide bond formation after feeding. In normoxic water (21 kPa), the arterial PO2 was 1.1 kPa before feeding and 1.2 kPa 24 h later. In water with a PO2 of 3 kPa (arterial PO2 0.6 kPa), postprandial stimulation of protein synthesis and O2 consumption were blocked. The blockade was partial at a water PO2 of 4 kPa (arterial PO2 0.8 kPa). An increase in environmental PO2 (60 kPa, arterial PO2 10 kPa) resulted in an increase in protein synthesis compared with normoxic rates. It is concluded that the arterial PO2 spontaneously set in normoxic Carcinus limits the rates of protein synthesis. The rationale for such a strategy is discussed.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Mente, Eleni and Legeay, Alexia and Houlihan, Dominic F and Massabuau, Jean-Charles},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology},
number = {2}
}2002 (1)
Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to stochasticity in gene expression. Swain, P., S., Elowitz, M., B., & Siggia, E., D. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(20):12795-12800, 2002.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Gene expression is a stochastic, or "noisy," process. This noise comes about in two ways. The inherent stochasticity of biochemical processes such as transcription and translation generates "intrinsic" noise. In addition, fluctuations in the amounts or states of other cellular components lead indirectly to variation in the expression of a particular gene and thus represent "extrinsic" noise. Here, we show how the total variation in the level of expression of a given gene can be decomposed into its intrinsic and extrinsic components. We demonstrate theoretically that simultaneous measurement of two identical genes per cell enables discrimination of these two types of noise. Analytic expressions for intrinsic noise are given for a model that involves all the major steps in transcription and translation. These expressions give the sensitivity to various parameters, quantify the deviation from Poisson statistics, and provide a way of fitting experiment. Transcription dominates the intrinsic noise when the average number of proteins made per mRNA transcript is greater than approximately 2. Below this number, translational effects also become important. Gene replication and cell division, included in the model, cause protein numbers to tend to a limit cycle. We calculate a general form for the extrinsic noise and illustrate it with the particular case of a single fluctuating extrinsic variable-a repressor protein, which acts on the gene of interest. All results are confirmed by stochastic simulation using plausible parameters for Escherichia coli.
@article{
title = {Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to stochasticity in gene expression.},
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year = {2002},
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keywords = {Biophysical Phenomena,Biophysics,Escherichia coli,Escherichia coli: metabolism,Gene Expression Regulation,Genetic,Messenger,Messenger: metabolism,Models,Protein Biosynthesis,RNA,Theoretical,Time Factors,Transcription},
pages = {12795-12800},
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abstract = {Gene expression is a stochastic, or "noisy," process. This noise comes about in two ways. The inherent stochasticity of biochemical processes such as transcription and translation generates "intrinsic" noise. In addition, fluctuations in the amounts or states of other cellular components lead indirectly to variation in the expression of a particular gene and thus represent "extrinsic" noise. Here, we show how the total variation in the level of expression of a given gene can be decomposed into its intrinsic and extrinsic components. We demonstrate theoretically that simultaneous measurement of two identical genes per cell enables discrimination of these two types of noise. Analytic expressions for intrinsic noise are given for a model that involves all the major steps in transcription and translation. These expressions give the sensitivity to various parameters, quantify the deviation from Poisson statistics, and provide a way of fitting experiment. Transcription dominates the intrinsic noise when the average number of proteins made per mRNA transcript is greater than approximately 2. Below this number, translational effects also become important. Gene replication and cell division, included in the model, cause protein numbers to tend to a limit cycle. We calculate a general form for the extrinsic noise and illustrate it with the particular case of a single fluctuating extrinsic variable-a repressor protein, which acts on the gene of interest. All results are confirmed by stochastic simulation using plausible parameters for Escherichia coli.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Swain, Peter S and Elowitz, Michael B and Siggia, Eric D},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {20}
}2001 (5)
Single molecule detection of double-stranded DNA in poly(methylmethacrylate) and polycarbonate microfluidic devices. Wabuyele, M., B., Ford, S., M., Stryjewski, W., Barrow, J., & Soper, S., a. Electrophoresis, 22(18):3939-48, 10, 2001.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Single photon burst techniques were used to detect double-stranded DNA molecules in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PM MA) and polycarbonate (PC) microfluidic devices. A confocal epi-illumination detection system was constructed to monitor the fluorescence signature from single DNA molecules that were multiply labeled with the mono-intercalating dye, TOPRO-5, which possessed an absorption maximum at 765 nm allowing excitation with a solid-state diode laser and fluorescence monitoring in the near-infrared (IR). Near-IR excitation minimized autofluorescence produced from the polymer substrate, which was found to be significantly greater when excitation was provided in the visible range (488 nm). A solution containing lambda-DNA (48.5 kbp) was electrokinetically transported through the microfluidic devices at different applied voltages and solution pH values to investigate the effects of polymer substrate on the transport rate and detection efficiency of single molecular events. By applying an autocorrelation analysis to the data, we were able to obtain the molecular transit time of the individual molecules as they passed through the 7 microm laser beam. It was observed that the applied voltage for both devices affected the transport rate. However, solution pH did not alter the transit time for PM MA-based devices since the electroosmotic flow of PMMA was independent of solution pH. In addition, efforts were directed toward optimizing the sampling efficiency (number of molecules passing through the probe volume) by using either hydrodynamically focused flows from a sheath generated by electrokinetic pumping from side channels or reducing the channel width of the microfluidic device. Due to the low electroosmotic flows generated by both PMMA and PC, tight focusing of the sample stream was not possible. However, in PMMA devices, flow gating was observed by applying field strengths > -120 V/cm to the sheath flow channels. By narrowing the microchannel width, the number of molecular events detected per unit time was found to be four times higher in channels with 10 microm widths compared to those of 50 microm, indicating improved sampling efficiency for the narrower channels without significantly deteriorating detection efficiency. Attempts were made to do single molecule sizing of lambda-DNA, M13 (7.2 kbp) and pUC19 (2.7 kbp) using photon burst detection. While the average number of photons for each DNA type were different, the standard deviations were large due to the Gaussian intensity profile of the excitation beam. To demonstrate the sensitivity of single molecule analysis in the near-IR using polymer microfluidic devices, the near-IR chromophore, NN382, wasanalyzed using ourconfocal imager. A detection efficiency of 94% for single NN382 molecules was observed in the PC devices.
@article{
title = {Single molecule detection of double-stranded DNA in poly(methylmethacrylate) and polycarbonate microfluidic devices.},
type = {article},
year = {2001},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Bacteriophage lambda,Bacteriophage lambda: chemistry,DNA, Viral,DNA, Viral: analysis,Electrophoresis, Capillary,Electrophoresis, Capillary: instrumentation,Equipment Design,Fluorescent Dyes,Fluorescent Dyes: analysis,Fluorescent Dyes: chemistry,Fluorometry,Fluorometry: instrumentation,Intercalating Agents,Intercalating Agents: analysis,Intercalating Agents: chemistry,Lasers,Microchemistry,Microchemistry: instrumentation,Molecular Weight,Polycarboxylate Cement,Polycarboxylate Cement: chemistry,Polymethyl Methacrylate,Polymethyl Methacrylate: chemistry,Quinolines,Quinolines: analysis,Quinolines: chemistry,Rheology,Sensitivity and Specificity,Thiazoles,Thiazoles: analysis,Thiazoles: chemistry,Time Factors},
pages = {3939-48},
volume = {22},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11700724},
month = {10},
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hidden = {false},
citation_key = {Wabuyele2001},
abstract = {Single photon burst techniques were used to detect double-stranded DNA molecules in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PM MA) and polycarbonate (PC) microfluidic devices. A confocal epi-illumination detection system was constructed to monitor the fluorescence signature from single DNA molecules that were multiply labeled with the mono-intercalating dye, TOPRO-5, which possessed an absorption maximum at 765 nm allowing excitation with a solid-state diode laser and fluorescence monitoring in the near-infrared (IR). Near-IR excitation minimized autofluorescence produced from the polymer substrate, which was found to be significantly greater when excitation was provided in the visible range (488 nm). A solution containing lambda-DNA (48.5 kbp) was electrokinetically transported through the microfluidic devices at different applied voltages and solution pH values to investigate the effects of polymer substrate on the transport rate and detection efficiency of single molecular events. By applying an autocorrelation analysis to the data, we were able to obtain the molecular transit time of the individual molecules as they passed through the 7 microm laser beam. It was observed that the applied voltage for both devices affected the transport rate. However, solution pH did not alter the transit time for PM MA-based devices since the electroosmotic flow of PMMA was independent of solution pH. In addition, efforts were directed toward optimizing the sampling efficiency (number of molecules passing through the probe volume) by using either hydrodynamically focused flows from a sheath generated by electrokinetic pumping from side channels or reducing the channel width of the microfluidic device. Due to the low electroosmotic flows generated by both PMMA and PC, tight focusing of the sample stream was not possible. However, in PMMA devices, flow gating was observed by applying field strengths > -120 V/cm to the sheath flow channels. By narrowing the microchannel width, the number of molecular events detected per unit time was found to be four times higher in channels with 10 microm widths compared to those of 50 microm, indicating improved sampling efficiency for the narrower channels without significantly deteriorating detection efficiency. Attempts were made to do single molecule sizing of lambda-DNA, M13 (7.2 kbp) and pUC19 (2.7 kbp) using photon burst detection. While the average number of photons for each DNA type were different, the standard deviations were large due to the Gaussian intensity profile of the excitation beam. To demonstrate the sensitivity of single molecule analysis in the near-IR using polymer microfluidic devices, the near-IR chromophore, NN382, wasanalyzed using ourconfocal imager. A detection efficiency of 94% for single NN382 molecules was observed in the PC devices.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Wabuyele, M B and Ford, S M and Stryjewski, W and Barrow, J and Soper, S a},
journal = {Electrophoresis},
number = {18}
}Inbreeding in Gredos mountain range (Spain): contribution of multiple consanguinity and intervalley variation. Fuster, V., Jimenez, A., M., & Colantonio, S., E. Hum Biol, 73(2):249-70., 2001.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex The present paper examines consanguineous marriages occurring between 1874 and 1975 in three valleys (Tormes, Alberche, and Tietar) in the Sierra de Gredos mountain range, Avila province, Spain. Information was obtained from parish registers of 42 localities, corresponding to a total of 41,696 weddings. Consanguineous marriages were defined as those up to the third degree of consanguinity (second cousins). From 1874 to 1975 the percentage of related mates was 4.45% and the inbreeding coefficient was 0.0011868 (for 1874 to 1917 corresponding figures up to the fourth degree were 16.44% and 0.00 19085, respectively). In order to ascertain the characteristics and evolution of mating patterns in Gredos, the contribution of each degree of kinship was analyzed as a whole and then for each valley separately. Regarding total consanguineous marriages in Gredos, there is a low frequency of uncle-niece matings (0.21%) and a first-second cousin mating ratio (C22/C33) of 0.23 (up to the third degree of consanguinity). Before 1918 multiple matings (i.e., those involving more than a single relationship) accounted for 19.16% of consanguineous marriages (up to the fourth degree). The observed frequencies of multiple consanguineous marriages was, on average, about twice that expected at random, and the proportion of such marriages to total inbreeding was 34.65%. The temporal change of the Gredos inbreeding pattern was characterized by a recent decrease; the highest inbreeding levels correspond to the period from 1915 to 1944. Finally, intervalley differences (maximum inbreeding coefficient in the Tormes, minimum in the Tietar) are interpreted considering the geography, population size, and population mobility for each valley
@article{
title = {Inbreeding in Gredos mountain range (Spain): contribution of multiple consanguinity and intervalley variation},
type = {article},
year = {2001},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {*Consanguinity,Ethnic Groups/*genetics,Geography,Human,Probability,Socioeconomic Factors,Spain,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Time Factors},
pages = {249-70.},
volume = {73},
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abstract = {The present paper examines consanguineous marriages occurring between 1874 and 1975 in three valleys (Tormes, Alberche, and Tietar) in the Sierra de Gredos mountain range, Avila province, Spain. Information was obtained from parish registers of 42 localities, corresponding to a total of 41,696 weddings. Consanguineous marriages were defined as those up to the third degree of consanguinity (second cousins). From 1874 to 1975 the percentage of related mates was 4.45% and the inbreeding coefficient was 0.0011868 (for 1874 to 1917 corresponding figures up to the fourth degree were 16.44% and 0.00 19085, respectively). In order to ascertain the characteristics and evolution of mating patterns in Gredos, the contribution of each degree of kinship was analyzed as a whole and then for each valley separately. Regarding total consanguineous marriages in Gredos, there is a low frequency of uncle-niece matings (0.21%) and a first-second cousin mating ratio (C22/C33) of 0.23 (up to the third degree of consanguinity). Before 1918 multiple matings (i.e., those involving more than a single relationship) accounted for 19.16% of consanguineous marriages (up to the fourth degree). The observed frequencies of multiple consanguineous marriages was, on average, about twice that expected at random, and the proportion of such marriages to total inbreeding was 34.65%. The temporal change of the Gredos inbreeding pattern was characterized by a recent decrease; the highest inbreeding levels correspond to the period from 1915 to 1944. Finally, intervalley differences (maximum inbreeding coefficient in the Tormes, minimum in the Tietar) are interpreted considering the geography, population size, and population mobility for each valley},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Fuster, V and Jimenez, A M and Colantonio, S E},
journal = {Hum Biol},
number = {2}
}Objects and attention: The state of the art. Scholl, B. J. Cognition, 80(1-2):1-46, 2001.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
What are the units of attention? In addition to standard models holding that attention can select spatial regions and visual features, recent work suggests that in some cases attention can directly select discrete objects. This paper reviews the state of the art with regard to such 'object-based' attention, and explores how objects of attention relate to locations, reference frames, perceptual groups, surfaces, parts, and features. Also discussed are the dynamic aspects of objecthood, including the question of how attended objects are individuated in time, and the possibility of attending to simple dynamic motions and events. The final sections of this review generalize these issues beyond vision science, to other modalities and fields such as auditory objects of attention and the infant's 'object concept'.
@Article{Scholl2001b,
author = {B. J. Scholl},
journal = {Cognition},
title = {Objects and attention: {T}he state of the art.},
year = {2001},
number = {1-2},
pages = {1-46},
volume = {80},
abstract = {What are the units of attention? In addition to standard models holding
that attention can select spatial regions and visual features, recent
work suggests that in some cases attention can directly select discrete
objects. This paper reviews the state of the art with regard to such
'object-based' attention, and explores how objects of attention relate
to locations, reference frames, perceptual groups, surfaces, parts,
and features. Also discussed are the dynamic aspects of objecthood,
including the question of how attended objects are individuated in
time, and the possibility of attending to simple dynamic motions
and events. The final sections of this review generalize these issues
beyond vision science, to other modalities and fields such as auditory
objects of attention and the infant's 'object concept'.},
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}On a common circle: Natural scenes and Gestalt rules. Sigman, M, Cecchi, G., Gilbert, C., & Magnasco, M. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98(4):1935-40, 2001.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
To understand how the human visual system analyzes images, it is essential to know the structure of the visual environment. In particular, natural images display consistent statistical properties that distinguish them from random luminance distributions. We have studied the geometric regularities of oriented elements (edges or line segments) present in an ensemble of visual scenes, asking how much information the presence of a segment in a particular location of the visual scene carries about the presence of a second segment at different relative positions and orientations. We observed strong long-range correlations in the distribution of oriented segments that extend over the whole visual field. We further show that a very simple geometric rule, cocircularity, predicts the arrangement of segments in natural scenes, and that different geometrical arrangements show relevant differences in their scaling properties. Our results show similarities to geometric features of previous physiological and psychophysical studies. We discuss the implications of these findings for theories of early vision.
@Article{Sigman2001,
author = {M Sigman and GA Cecchi and CD Gilbert and MO Magnasco},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
title = {On a common circle: {N}atural scenes and {G}estalt rules.},
year = {2001},
number = {4},
pages = {1935-40},
volume = {98},
abstract = {To understand how the human visual system analyzes images, it is essential
to know the structure of the visual environment. In particular, natural
images display consistent statistical properties that distinguish
them from random luminance distributions. We have studied the geometric
regularities of oriented elements (edges or line segments) present
in an ensemble of visual scenes, asking how much information the
presence of a segment in a particular location of the visual scene
carries about the presence of a second segment at different relative
positions and orientations. We observed strong long-range correlations
in the distribution of oriented segments that extend over the whole
visual field. We further show that a very simple geometric rule,
cocircularity, predicts the arrangement of segments in natural scenes,
and that different geometrical arrangements show relevant differences
in their scaling properties. Our results show similarities to geometric
features of previous physiological and psychophysical studies. We
discuss the implications of these findings for theories of early
vision.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.031571498},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, 11172054},
}Effects of different concentrations of anticoagulant on the in vitro characteristics of autologous whole blood. Cober, N, Lacasse, M, Bart, B, & Rock, G Transfusion, 41(12):1606–1609, December, 2001.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex BACKGROUND Routinely, 450 mL of blood is collected into 63 mL of CPDA-1, for a final anticoagulant:blood ratio of approximately 1:7 in a whole-blood autologous unit. If less than 300 mL of blood is to be collected, the AABB standards suggest that there should be a proportionate decrease in anticoagulant. Data from an autologous blood program showed a range in volume from 92 mL to 667 mL per bag, which reflects an anticoagulant:blood ratio of 2:1 to 1:10. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS To determine the effects of these ratios on the in vitro function of RBCs at various anticoagulant ratios, blood was collected into different amounts of anticoagulant, and various measurements were made during storage. RESULTS The number of RBCs and the MCV remained constant over time, regardless of the anticoagulant dilution used. Plasma free Hb increased with time with all dilutions. At a 1:2 ratio, it rose from 734 mg per L on Day 1 to 1805 mg per L on Day 35, and at 1:8, it was 355 mg per L for Day 1 and 854 mg per L on Day 35. Plasma sodium decreased and the potassium increased over time with all dilutions. From Day 1 to Day 35, there was a nine-fold increase in potassium at both the 1:2 and 1:8 dilutions (2.4 to 22.9 mmol/L, 3.2 to 29.6 mmol/L, respectively). The LDH increased over time and the pH decreased in all of the dilutions. Osmotic fragility remained constant at the 1:8 dilution but decreased at all of the other dilutions with storage, with 44-percent fragility on Day 35 at the 1:2 ratio. The WBC and platelet counts decreased consistently over time. Overall, 1 percent of the autologous units were below the cutoff volume of 300 mL at which an adjustment of the anticoagulant volume is required. CONCLUSION Plasma Hb and plasma potassium concentrations are considerably higher in low-volume units, which indicates that deviation from standard collection procedures is deleterious to RBCs.
@article{cober_effects_2001,
title = {Effects of different concentrations of anticoagulant on the in vitro characteristics of autologous whole blood},
volume = {41},
issn = {0041-1132},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778079},
abstract = {BACKGROUND
Routinely, 450 mL of blood is collected into 63 mL of CPDA-1, for a final anticoagulant:blood ratio of approximately 1:7 in a whole-blood autologous unit. If less than 300 mL of blood is to be collected, the AABB standards suggest that there should be a proportionate decrease in anticoagulant. Data from an autologous blood program showed a range in volume from 92 mL to 667 mL per bag, which reflects an anticoagulant:blood ratio of 2:1 to 1:10.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
To determine the effects of these ratios on the in vitro function of RBCs at various anticoagulant ratios, blood was collected into different amounts of anticoagulant, and various measurements were made during storage.
RESULTS
The number of RBCs and the MCV remained constant over time, regardless of the anticoagulant dilution used. Plasma free Hb increased with time with all dilutions. At a 1:2 ratio, it rose from 734 mg per L on Day 1 to 1805 mg per L on Day 35, and at 1:8, it was 355 mg per L for Day 1 and 854 mg per L on Day 35. Plasma sodium decreased and the potassium increased over time with all dilutions. From Day 1 to Day 35, there was a nine-fold increase in potassium at both the 1:2 and 1:8 dilutions (2.4 to 22.9 mmol/L, 3.2 to 29.6 mmol/L, respectively). The LDH increased over time and the pH decreased in all of the dilutions. Osmotic fragility remained constant at the 1:8 dilution but decreased at all of the other dilutions with storage, with 44-percent fragility on Day 35 at the 1:2 ratio. The WBC and platelet counts decreased consistently over time. Overall, 1 percent of the autologous units were below the cutoff volume of 300 mL at which an adjustment of the anticoagulant volume is required.
CONCLUSION
Plasma Hb and plasma potassium concentrations are considerably higher in low-volume units, which indicates that deviation from standard collection procedures is deleterious to RBCs.},
number = {12},
urldate = {2012-05-22TZ},
journal = {Transfusion},
author = {Cober, N and Lacasse, M and Bart, B and Rock, G},
month = dec,
year = {2001},
pmid = {11778079},
keywords = {Adenine, Anticoagulants, Blood Cell Count, Blood Specimen Collection, Blood Transfusion, Autologous, Citrates, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Erythrocyte Indices, Erythrocytes, Glucose, Hemoglobins, Humans, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Phosphates, Potassium, Sodium, Time Factors},
pages = {1606--1609}
}2000 (4)
In vivo penetration of experimentally produced clots by monoclonal antibodies. McEvoy, F., J., Edgell, T., A., Webbon, P., M., & Gaffney, P., J. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 83(6):882-886, 6, 2000.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Antifibrin monoclonal antibodies show potential as clot targeting agents for diagnosis and possibly therapy in thrombotic disease. To be effective the antibody must bind to the fibrin component of the clot. The ability of two antifibrin mabs (NIB 1H10 and NIB 12B3) to penetrate occlusive clots in vivo was investigated. Both mabs react with human fibrin but not with human fibrinogen nor with the fibrin or fibrinogen from the species used in this study. Two heterologous animal (sheep and rabbit) thrombus models were used. Clots in both cases were made within isolated vein segments using a mixture of human and native fibrinogen. The clots in sheep veins were observed radiographically and found to be occlusive for a mean of 4.2 +/- 2.2 days and thereafter appeared only partially occlusive. When targeted in their occlusive phase (131)I labelled mab accumulated in the clot reaching a maximum ratio of 1.82 +/- 0.42 when compared to counts in homologous sheep clots in the contralateral limb. It was confirmed in the rabbit jugular vein model that total occlusivity did not prevent antibody accumulation in the heterologous clot by injecting the fibrin specific mab 1H10 and examining the clot excised after 1, 6 and 24 h using immunofluorescence. In a further series of similar experiments (125)I labelled mab 1H10 was used and detected using autoradiography. Both sets of experiments indicated that penetration of occlusive clots by the antibody occurred and that considerable accumulation was present at 6 and 24 h. The results indicate that a circulating antibody can readily gain access to experimentally produced clots in occluded veins.
@article{
title = {In vivo penetration of experimentally produced clots by monoclonal antibodies},
type = {article},
year = {2000},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Animals,Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism,Antibody Specificity,Autoradiography,Blood Coagulation/immunology,Disease Models, Animal,Fibrin/immunology,Fluorescent Antibody Technique,Humans,Immunoglobulin G/metabolism,Iodine Radioisotopes/diagnostic use,Jugular Veins/pathology,Phlebography,Protein Binding,Rabbits,Saphenous Vein/pathology,Sheep,Thrombosis/immunology/radiography,Time Factors},
pages = {882-886},
volume = {83},
month = {6},
city = {Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK. f.mcevoy@swipnet.se},
id = {e17cc696-c7cd-3a2f-822a-fbb9eea6c336},
created = {2016-09-06T13:34:39.000Z},
file_attached = {false},
profile_id = {cacab941-be62-3845-982b-a7700857a11d},
last_modified = {2016-09-07T14:54:39.000Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {true},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
source_type = {JOUR},
notes = {LR: 20041117; PUBM: Print; JID: 7608063; 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal); 0 (Immunoglobulin G); 0 (Iodine Radioisotopes); 9001-31-4 (Fibrin); ppublish},
abstract = {Antifibrin monoclonal antibodies show potential as clot targeting agents for diagnosis and possibly therapy in thrombotic disease. To be effective the antibody must bind to the fibrin component of the clot. The ability of two antifibrin mabs (NIB 1H10 and NIB 12B3) to penetrate occlusive clots in vivo was investigated. Both mabs react with human fibrin but not with human fibrinogen nor with the fibrin or fibrinogen from the species used in this study. Two heterologous animal (sheep and rabbit) thrombus models were used. Clots in both cases were made within isolated vein segments using a mixture of human and native fibrinogen. The clots in sheep veins were observed radiographically and found to be occlusive for a mean of 4.2 +/- 2.2 days and thereafter appeared only partially occlusive. When targeted in their occlusive phase (131)I labelled mab accumulated in the clot reaching a maximum ratio of 1.82 +/- 0.42 when compared to counts in homologous sheep clots in the contralateral limb. It was confirmed in the rabbit jugular vein model that total occlusivity did not prevent antibody accumulation in the heterologous clot by injecting the fibrin specific mab 1H10 and examining the clot excised after 1, 6 and 24 h using immunofluorescence. In a further series of similar experiments (125)I labelled mab 1H10 was used and detected using autoradiography. Both sets of experiments indicated that penetration of occlusive clots by the antibody occurred and that considerable accumulation was present at 6 and 24 h. The results indicate that a circulating antibody can readily gain access to experimentally produced clots in occluded veins.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {McEvoy, F J and Edgell, T A and Webbon, P M and Gaffney, P J},
journal = {Thrombosis and haemostasis},
number = {6}
}Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995: cohort and case-control analysis. Jick, H., Kaye, J. A., Vasilakis-Scaramozza, C., & Jick, S. S. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 321(7270):1190--1195, November, 2000.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism among women taking third generation oral contraceptives (with gestodene or desogestrel) with that among women taking oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel. DESIGN: Cohort and case-control analyses derived from the General Practice Research Database. SETTING: UK general practices, January 1993 to December 1999. PARTICIPANTS: Women aged 15-39 taking third generation oral contraceptives or oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative incidence (cohort study) and odds ratios (case-control study) as measures of the relative risk of venous thromboembolism. RESULTS: The adjusted estimates of relative risk for venous thromboembolism associated with third generation oral contraceptives compared with oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel was 1.9 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.8) in the cohort analysis and 2.3 (1.3 to 3.9) in the case-control study. The estimates for the two types of oral contraceptives were similar before and after the warning issued by the Committee on Safety of Medicines in October 1995. A shift away from the use of third generation oral contraceptives after the scare was more pronounced among younger women (who have a lower risk of venous thromboembolism) than among older women. Fewer cases of venous thromboembolism occurred in 1996 and later than would have been expected if the use of oral contraceptives had remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with previously reported studies, which found that compared with oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel, third generation oral contraceptives are associated with around twice the risk of venous thromboembolism.
@article{jick_risk_2000-1,
title = {Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995: cohort and case-control analysis},
volume = {321},
issn = {0959-8138},
shorttitle = {Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism among women taking third generation oral contraceptives (with gestodene or desogestrel) with that among women taking oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel.
DESIGN: Cohort and case-control analyses derived from the General Practice Research Database.
SETTING: UK general practices, January 1993 to December 1999.
PARTICIPANTS: Women aged 15-39 taking third generation oral contraceptives or oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative incidence (cohort study) and odds ratios (case-control study) as measures of the relative risk of venous thromboembolism.
RESULTS: The adjusted estimates of relative risk for venous thromboembolism associated with third generation oral contraceptives compared with oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel was 1.9 (95\% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.8) in the cohort analysis and 2.3 (1.3 to 3.9) in the case-control study. The estimates for the two types of oral contraceptives were similar before and after the warning issued by the Committee on Safety of Medicines in October 1995. A shift away from the use of third generation oral contraceptives after the scare was more pronounced among younger women (who have a lower risk of venous thromboembolism) than among older women. Fewer cases of venous thromboembolism occurred in 1996 and later than would have been expected if the use of oral contraceptives had remained unchanged.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with previously reported studies, which found that compared with oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel, third generation oral contraceptives are associated with around twice the risk of venous thromboembolism.},
language = {eng},
number = {7270},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
author = {Jick, H. and Kaye, J. A. and Vasilakis-Scaramozza, C. and Jick, S. S.},
month = nov,
year = {2000},
pmid = {11073511},
pmcid = {PMC27524},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Contraceptives, Oral, Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic, Female, Humans, Levonorgestrel, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Smoking, Thromboembolism, Time Factors},
pages = {1190--1195}
}Prostate-specific antigen complexed to alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin in the early detection of prostate cancer. Martinez, M., España, F., Royo, M., Vera, C., D., Estellés, A., Jiménez-Cruz, J., Medina, P., & Aznar, J. European urology, 38(1):85-90, 7, 2000.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex OBJECTIVES: To study the usefulness of the complexed-to-total (C:T) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratio in the early detection of prostate cancer in patients with a total PSA value <4.0 ng/ml.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Total PSA and PSA complexed to alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin were measured in plasma from 193 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 34 with prostate cancer. The diagnosis was confirmed in 28 BPH and 16 prostate cancer patients by biopsy and in 165 BPH and 18 prostate cancer patients by histological study following transurethral prostatectomy or open prostatectomy.
RESULTS: The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was significantly greater for the C:T PSA ratio (0.908) than for total PSA (0.692) (p<0.001). Using a cut-off point of 0.83 for the C:T PSA ratio and regardless of the digital rectal examination (DRE) finding, 20 of the 34 prostate cancer patients would have been given a correct diagnosis (59% sensitivity) and in only 8 of the 193 BPH patients would a biopsy have been necessary (96% specificity). With a cut-off of 0.79, the sensitivity increased to 85% with a specificity of 92%. When the analysis was restricted to the 44 patients with abnormal DRE, the area under the ROC curve for the C:T PSA ratio was 0.919, and a cut-off point of 0. 78 gave a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 93%. Using a cut-off of 0.63, all prostate cancers were detected (100% sensitivity) and 54% of the negative biopsies would have been eliminated. For the 183 patients diagnosed following surgery, a cut-off of 0.82 gave a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 94%.
CONCLUSION: Our results show that the C:T PSA ratio significantly improves the clinical utility of the PSA assay for detecting prostate cancer in patients with total PSA < 4 ng/ml, increasing the sensitivity without significantly increasing the number of biopsies.
@article{
title = {Prostate-specific antigen complexed to alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin in the early detection of prostate cancer.},
type = {article},
year = {2000},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Aged,Diagnosis, Differential,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Prostate-Specific Antigen,Prostate-Specific Antigen: blood,Prostatic Hyperplasia,Prostatic Hyperplasia: blood,Prostatic Hyperplasia: diagnosis,Prostatic Neoplasms,Prostatic Neoplasms: blood,Prostatic Neoplasms: diagnosis,ROC Curve,Sensitivity and Specificity,Time Factors,alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin,alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin: blood},
pages = {85-90},
volume = {38},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10859447},
month = {7},
id = {848f94e3-0f21-3cad-b12c-86b0256f3a2c},
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abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To study the usefulness of the complexed-to-total (C:T) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratio in the early detection of prostate cancer in patients with a total PSA value <4.0 ng/ml.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Total PSA and PSA complexed to alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin were measured in plasma from 193 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 34 with prostate cancer. The diagnosis was confirmed in 28 BPH and 16 prostate cancer patients by biopsy and in 165 BPH and 18 prostate cancer patients by histological study following transurethral prostatectomy or open prostatectomy.
RESULTS: The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was significantly greater for the C:T PSA ratio (0.908) than for total PSA (0.692) (p<0.001). Using a cut-off point of 0.83 for the C:T PSA ratio and regardless of the digital rectal examination (DRE) finding, 20 of the 34 prostate cancer patients would have been given a correct diagnosis (59% sensitivity) and in only 8 of the 193 BPH patients would a biopsy have been necessary (96% specificity). With a cut-off of 0.79, the sensitivity increased to 85% with a specificity of 92%. When the analysis was restricted to the 44 patients with abnormal DRE, the area under the ROC curve for the C:T PSA ratio was 0.919, and a cut-off point of 0. 78 gave a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 93%. Using a cut-off of 0.63, all prostate cancers were detected (100% sensitivity) and 54% of the negative biopsies would have been eliminated. For the 183 patients diagnosed following surgery, a cut-off of 0.82 gave a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 94%.
CONCLUSION: Our results show that the C:T PSA ratio significantly improves the clinical utility of the PSA assay for detecting prostate cancer in patients with total PSA < 4 ng/ml, increasing the sensitivity without significantly increasing the number of biopsies.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Martinez, M and España, F and Royo, M. and Vera, C D and Estellés, A. and Jiménez-Cruz, J.F. and Medina, P and Aznar, J.},
journal = {European urology},
number = {1}
}Flumazenil induces benzodiazepine partial agonist-like effects in BALB/c but not C57BL/6 mice. Belzung, C., Guisquet, A. M.<nbsp>L., & Crestani, F. Psychopharmacology, 148(1):24--32, January, 2000.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
RATIONALE: Some anxiety disorders may be treated in a different way than normal anxiety. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at investigating the action of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil, compared to that of the benzodiazepine receptor full agonist chlordiazepoxide, in an animal model of generalised anxiety disorder (the BALB/c mouse). METHODS: Flumazenil (0.0001, 0.001, 0. 01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) or chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) were administered to BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice subjected to the light/dark test, the elevated plus maze or a passive avoidance step-through paradigm. RESULTS: Chlordiazepoxide and flumazenil (at all doses tested in the elevated plus maze and at the doses of 0.001 and 0.01 mg/kg in the light/dark test) induced a strong anxiolytic effect in BALB/c mice. Flumazenil did not induce anxiolysis in C57BL/6 mice, whatever the behavioral test or the dose used. However, chlordiazepoxide elicited anxiolysis in this strain in both procedures. In the passive avoidance test, chlordiazepoxide was amnesic in both strains but flumazenil had no effect. CONCLUSION: Flumazenil induces partial agonist-like effects in BALB/c and not in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting a possible benzodiazepine receptor set point shift toward the agonistic direction in some pathological anxiety states such as generalised anxiety disorder.
@article{ belzung_flumazenil_2000,
title = {Flumazenil induces benzodiazepine partial agonist-like effects in {BALB}/c but not C57BL/6 mice},
volume = {148},
issn = {0033-3158},
abstract = {{RATIONALE}: Some anxiety disorders may be treated in a different way than normal anxiety.
{OBJECTIVE}: This study was aimed at investigating the action of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil, compared to that of the benzodiazepine receptor full agonist chlordiazepoxide, in an animal model of generalised anxiety disorder (the {BALB}/c mouse).
{METHODS}: Flumazenil (0.0001, 0.001, 0. 01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) or chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) were administered to {BALB}/c or C57BL/6 mice subjected to the light/dark test, the elevated plus maze or a passive avoidance step-through paradigm.
{RESULTS}: Chlordiazepoxide and flumazenil (at all doses tested in the elevated plus maze and at the doses of 0.001 and 0.01 mg/kg in the light/dark test) induced a strong anxiolytic effect in {BALB}/c mice. Flumazenil did not induce anxiolysis in C57BL/6 mice, whatever the behavioral test or the dose used. However, chlordiazepoxide elicited anxiolysis in this strain in both procedures. In the passive avoidance test, chlordiazepoxide was amnesic in both strains but flumazenil had no effect.
{CONCLUSION}: Flumazenil induces partial agonist-like effects in {BALB}/c and not in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting a possible benzodiazepine receptor set point shift toward the agonistic direction in some pathological anxiety states such as generalised anxiety disorder.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {Psychopharmacology},
author = {Belzung, C. and Le Guisquet, A. M. and Crestani, F.},
month = {January},
year = {2000},
pmid = {10663414},
keywords = {Animals, Anxiety, Avoidance Learning, Behavior, Animal, Chlordiazepoxide, Darkness, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Flumazenil, {GABA} Modulators, {GABA}-A Receptor Agonists, Light, Male, Maze Learning, Mice, Mice, Inbred {BALB} C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Species Specificity, Time Factors},
pages = {24--32}
}1999 (3)
Genetic epidemiology of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Collins, A., Lonjou, C., & Morton, N., E. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96(26):15173-7., 1999.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex On the causal hypothesis, most genetic determinants of disease are single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are likely to be selected as markers for positional cloning. On the proximity hypothesis, most disease determinants will not be included among markers but may be detected through linkage disequilibrium with other SNPs. In that event, allelic association among SNPs is an essential factor in positional cloning. Recent simulation based on monotonic population expansion suggests that useful association does not usually extend beyond 3 kb. This is contradicted by significant disequilibrium at much greater distances, with corresponding reduction in the number of SNPs required for a cost-effective genome scan. A plausible explanation is that cyclical expansions follow population bottlenecks that establish new disequilibria. Data on more than 1,000 locus pairs indicate that most disequilibria trace to the Neolithic, with no apparent difference between haplotypes that are random or selected through a major disease gene. Short duration may be characteristic of alleles contributing to disease susceptibility and haplotypes characteristic of particular ethnic groups. Alleles that are highly polymorphic in all ethnic groups may be older, neutral, or advantageous, in weak disequilibrium with nearby markers, and therefore less useful for positional cloning of disease genes. Significant disequilibrium at large distance makes the number of suitably chosen SNPs required for genome screening as small as 30,000, or 1 per 100 kb, with greater density (including less common SNPs) reserved for candidate regions.
@article{
title = {Genetic epidemiology of single-nucleotide polymorphisms},
type = {article},
year = {1999},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {*Evolution, Molecular,*Genetic Predisposition to Disease,*Linkage Disequilibrium,*Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length,Case-Control Studies,Chromosome Mapping,Cloning, Molecular/*methods,Gene Frequency,Genetic Heterogeneity,Haplotypes,Human,Racial Stocks/genetics,Time Factors},
pages = {15173-7.},
volume = {96},
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source_type = {Journal Article},
notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
abstract = {On the causal hypothesis, most genetic determinants of disease are single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are likely to be selected as markers for positional cloning. On the proximity hypothesis, most disease determinants will not be included among markers but may be detected through linkage disequilibrium with other SNPs. In that event, allelic association among SNPs is an essential factor in positional cloning. Recent simulation based on monotonic population expansion suggests that useful association does not usually extend beyond 3 kb. This is contradicted by significant disequilibrium at much greater distances, with corresponding reduction in the number of SNPs required for a cost-effective genome scan. A plausible explanation is that cyclical expansions follow population bottlenecks that establish new disequilibria. Data on more than 1,000 locus pairs indicate that most disequilibria trace to the Neolithic, with no apparent difference between haplotypes that are random or selected through a major disease gene. Short duration may be characteristic of alleles contributing to disease susceptibility and haplotypes characteristic of particular ethnic groups. Alleles that are highly polymorphic in all ethnic groups may be older, neutral, or advantageous, in weak disequilibrium with nearby markers, and therefore less useful for positional cloning of disease genes. Significant disequilibrium at large distance makes the number of suitably chosen SNPs required for genome screening as small as 30,000, or 1 per 100 kb, with greater density (including less common SNPs) reserved for candidate regions.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Collins, A and Lonjou, C and Morton, N E},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
number = {26}
}Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on the surgical outcome and duration of rehabilitation after major knee surgery. Capdevila, X, Barthelet, Y, Biboulet, P, Ryckwaert, Y, Rubenovitch, J, & d'Athis , F Anesthesiology, 91(1):8–15, July, 1999.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex BACKGROUND Continuous passive motion after major knee surgery optimizes the functional prognosis but causes severe pain. The authors tested the hypothesis that postoperative analgesic techniques influence surgical outcome and the duration of convalescence. METHODS Before standardized general anesthesia, 56 adult scheduled for major knee surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups, each to receive a different postoperative analgesic technique for 72 h: continuous epidural infusion, continuous femoral block, or intravenous patient-controlled morphine (dose, 1 mg; lockout interval, 7 min; maximum dose, 30 mg/4 h). The first two techniques were performed using a solution of 1% lidocaine, 0.03 mg/ml morphine, and 2 microg/ml clonidine administered at 0.1 ml x kg(-1) x h(-1). Pain was assessed at rest and during continuous passive motion using a visual analog scale. The early postoperative maximal amplitude of knee flexion was measured during continuous passive motion at 24 h and 48 h and compared with the target levels prescribed by the surgeon. To evaluate functional outcome, the maximal amplitudes were measured again on postoperative day 5, at hospital discharge (day 7), and at 1- and 3-month follow-up examinations. When the patients left the surgical ward, they were admitted to a rehabilitation center, where their length of stay depended on prospectively determined discharge criteria RESULTS The continuous epidural infusion and continuous femoral block groups showed significantly lower visual analog scale scores at rest and during continuous passive motion compared with the patient-controlled morphine group. The early postoperative knee mobilization levels in both continuous epidural infusion and continuous femoral block groups were significantly closer to the target levels prescribed by the surgeon than in the patient-controlled morphine group. On postoperative day 7, these values were 90 degrees (60-100 degrees)(median and 25th-75th percentiles) in the continuous epidural infusion group, 90 degrees (60-100 degrees) in the continuous femoral block group, and 80 degrees (60-100 degrees) in the patient-controlled morphine group (P \textless 0.05). The durations of stay in the rehabilitation center were significantly shorter: 37 days (range, 30-45 days) in the continuous epidural infusion group, 40 days (range, 31-60 days) in the continuous femoral block group, and 50 days (range, 30-80 days) in the patient-controlled morphine group (P \textless 0.05). Side effects were encountered more frequently in the continuous epidural infusion group. CONCLUSION Regional analgesic techniques improve early rehabilitation after major knee surgery by effectively controlling pain during continuous passive motion, thereby hastening convalescence.
@article{capdevila_effects_1999,
title = {Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on the surgical outcome and duration of rehabilitation after major knee surgery},
volume = {91},
issn = {0003-3022},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10422923},
abstract = {BACKGROUND
Continuous passive motion after major knee surgery optimizes the functional prognosis but causes severe pain. The authors tested the hypothesis that postoperative analgesic techniques influence surgical outcome and the duration of convalescence.
METHODS
Before standardized general anesthesia, 56 adult scheduled for major knee surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups, each to receive a different postoperative analgesic technique for 72 h: continuous epidural infusion, continuous femoral block, or intravenous patient-controlled morphine (dose, 1 mg; lockout interval, 7 min; maximum dose, 30 mg/4 h). The first two techniques were performed using a solution of 1\% lidocaine, 0.03 mg/ml morphine, and 2 microg/ml clonidine administered at 0.1 ml x kg(-1) x h(-1). Pain was assessed at rest and during continuous passive motion using a visual analog scale. The early postoperative maximal amplitude of knee flexion was measured during continuous passive motion at 24 h and 48 h and compared with the target levels prescribed by the surgeon. To evaluate functional outcome, the maximal amplitudes were measured again on postoperative day 5, at hospital discharge (day 7), and at 1- and 3-month follow-up examinations. When the patients left the surgical ward, they were admitted to a rehabilitation center, where their length of stay depended on prospectively determined discharge criteria
RESULTS
The continuous epidural infusion and continuous femoral block groups showed significantly lower visual analog scale scores at rest and during continuous passive motion compared with the patient-controlled morphine group. The early postoperative knee mobilization levels in both continuous epidural infusion and continuous femoral block groups were significantly closer to the target levels prescribed by the surgeon than in the patient-controlled morphine group. On postoperative day 7, these values were 90 degrees (60-100 degrees)(median and 25th-75th percentiles) in the continuous epidural infusion group, 90 degrees (60-100 degrees) in the continuous femoral block group, and 80 degrees (60-100 degrees) in the patient-controlled morphine group (P {\textless} 0.05). The durations of stay in the rehabilitation center were significantly shorter: 37 days (range, 30-45 days) in the continuous epidural infusion group, 40 days (range, 31-60 days) in the continuous femoral block group, and 50 days (range, 30-80 days) in the patient-controlled morphine group (P {\textless} 0.05). Side effects were encountered more frequently in the continuous epidural infusion group.
CONCLUSION
Regional analgesic techniques improve early rehabilitation after major knee surgery by effectively controlling pain during continuous passive motion, thereby hastening convalescence.},
number = {1},
urldate = {2012-02-08TZ},
journal = {Anesthesiology},
author = {Capdevila, X and Barthelet, Y and Biboulet, P and Ryckwaert, Y and Rubenovitch, J and d'Athis, F},
month = jul,
year = {1999},
pmid = {10422923},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Analgesia, Epidural, Analgesia, Patient-Controlled, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Block, Pain, Postoperative, Time Factors},
pages = {8--15}
}Binding of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin to Manduca sexta aminopeptidase-N receptor is not directly related to toxicity. Jenkins, J., L., Lee, M., K., Sangadala, S., Adang, M., J., & Dean, D., H. FEBS letters, 462(3):373-6, 12, 1999.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac delta-endotoxin specifically binds a 115-kDa aminopeptidase-N purified from Manduca sexta midgut. Cry1Ac domain III mutations were constructed around a putative sugar-binding pocket and binding to purified aminopeptidase-N and brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) was compared to toxicity. Q509A, R511A, Y513A, and 509-511 (QNR-AAA) eliminated aminopeptidase-N binding and reduced binding to BBMV. However, toxicity decreased no more than two-fold, indicating activity is not directly correlated with aminopeptidase-N binding. Analysis of toxin binding to aminopeptidase-N in M. sexta is therefore insufficient for predicting toxicity. Mutants retained binding, however, to another BBMV site, suggesting alternative receptors may compensate in vivo.
@article{
title = {Binding of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin to Manduca sexta aminopeptidase-N receptor is not directly related to toxicity.},
type = {article},
year = {1999},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Acetylgalactosamine,Acetylgalactosamine: metabolism,Animals,Antigens, CD13,Antigens, CD13: metabolism,Bacillus thuringiensis,Bacillus thuringiensis: metabolism,Bacterial Proteins,Bacterial Proteins: chemistry,Bacterial Proteins: metabolism,Bacterial Proteins: toxicity,Bacterial Toxins,Binding, Competitive,Endotoxins,Endotoxins: chemistry,Endotoxins: metabolism,Endotoxins: toxicity,Hemolysin Proteins,Manduca,Manduca: metabolism,Microvilli,Microvilli: metabolism,Models, Molecular,Mutagenesis,Protein Binding,Protein Structure, Tertiary,Surface Plasmon Resonance,Time Factors},
pages = {373-6},
volume = {462},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10622728},
month = {12},
day = {3},
id = {4e96fd2a-7715-3701-bdd1-f025a1bb933a},
created = {2012-02-08T16:01:02.000Z},
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last_modified = {2012-02-08T16:16:23.000Z},
read = {false},
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confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac delta-endotoxin specifically binds a 115-kDa aminopeptidase-N purified from Manduca sexta midgut. Cry1Ac domain III mutations were constructed around a putative sugar-binding pocket and binding to purified aminopeptidase-N and brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) was compared to toxicity. Q509A, R511A, Y513A, and 509-511 (QNR-AAA) eliminated aminopeptidase-N binding and reduced binding to BBMV. However, toxicity decreased no more than two-fold, indicating activity is not directly correlated with aminopeptidase-N binding. Analysis of toxin binding to aminopeptidase-N in M. sexta is therefore insufficient for predicting toxicity. Mutants retained binding, however, to another BBMV site, suggesting alternative receptors may compensate in vivo.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Jenkins, J L and Lee, M K and Sangadala, S and Adang, M J and Dean, D H},
journal = {FEBS letters},
number = {3}
}1998 (3)
A mathematical model of the dynamics of scrapie in a sheep flock. Stringer, S. M., Hunter, N., & Woolhouse, M. E. Mathematical biosciences, 153(2):79--98, November, 1998.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
A mathematical model is developed for the dynamics of an outbreak of scrapie in a single sheep flock with the aim of assisting the interpretation of field data. The model incorporates age structure of the sheep population, both horizontal and vertical transmission, genetic predisposition to infection, variable initial load of the infectious agent, and increasing infection load during an incubation period of the same order as sheep life expectancy. This leads to system of partial differential equations with respect to time, age and infection load. Numerical analyses using this model demonstrate that a scrapie outbreak is likely to be of long duration (several decades), will lead to reduction of scrapie susceptible allele frequency (but not to zero), and has different dynamics in homozygous and heterozygous susceptible sheep, even if these genotypes are equally susceptible, due to the different contributions of vertical infection to transmission to genotypes.
@article{stringer_mathematical_1998,
title = {A mathematical model of the dynamics of scrapie in a sheep flock.},
volume = {153},
issn = {0025-5564 0025-5564},
abstract = {A mathematical model is developed for the dynamics of an outbreak of scrapie in a single sheep flock with the aim of assisting the interpretation of field data. The model incorporates age structure of the sheep population, both horizontal and vertical transmission, genetic predisposition to infection, variable initial load of the infectious agent, and increasing infection load during an incubation period of the same order as sheep life expectancy. This leads to system of partial differential equations with respect to time, age and infection load. Numerical analyses using this model demonstrate that a scrapie outbreak is likely to be of long duration (several decades), will lead to reduction of scrapie susceptible allele frequency (but not to zero), and has different dynamics in homozygous and heterozygous susceptible sheep, even if these genotypes are equally susceptible, due to the different contributions of vertical infection to transmission to genotypes.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Mathematical biosciences},
author = {Stringer, S. M. and Hunter, N. and Woolhouse, M. E.},
month = nov,
year = {1998},
pmid = {9825634},
keywords = {*Models, Biological, Age Factors, Alleles, Animals, Birth Rate, Computer Simulation, Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary, Disease Susceptibility, Disease Transmission, Infectious/*veterinary, Female, Incidence, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*veterinary, Male, Mortality, Prevalence, Scrapie/*epidemiology/genetics/transmission, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sheep, Survival Analysis, Time Factors},
pages = {79--98}
}Changes in specific anti-egg antibody levels following treatment with praziquantel for Schistosoma haematobium infection in children. Mutapi, F., Ndhlovu, P. D., Hagan, P., & Woolhouse, M. E. Parasite immunology, 20(12):595--600, December, 1998.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Fifty-seven children 6-15 years old resident in a Schistosoma haematobium endemic area in eastern Zimbabwe were treated with praziquantel at 40 mg/kg body weight. Levels of IgA, IgE, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgM antibodies against soluble egg antigen (SEA) were assayed by ELISA before treatment and at 18 and 36 weeks following treatment. Prevalence of infection (as determined by urine egg counts) was 65% before treatment, all children were confirmed egg negative six weeks after treatment, and reinfection prevalence was 4% at 18 weeks and 21% at 36 weeks after treatment. At 18 weeks after treatment, there was a massive increase in IgG1 levels and significant increases in IgE and IgG4 levels and significant decreases in IgA and IgG2 levels. Similar patterns occurred at 36 weeks after treatment. Egg positive children showed a more marked increase in IgG1 and (for older children) a more marked decrease in IgG2 levels. There were no other effects of age or sex. IgA and IgG1 levels fell significantly between 18 and 36 weeks following treatment but not to pretreatment levels. The results show that specific anti-egg antibody responses are highly sensitive to the effects of praziquantel treatment. A possible consequence is that the susceptibility of children to infection with S. haematobium is altered by chemotherapy; this requires further investigation.
@article{mutapi_changes_1998,
title = {Changes in specific anti-egg antibody levels following treatment with praziquantel for {Schistosoma} haematobium infection in children.},
volume = {20},
issn = {0141-9838 0141-9838},
abstract = {Fifty-seven children 6-15 years old resident in a Schistosoma haematobium endemic area in eastern Zimbabwe were treated with praziquantel at 40 mg/kg body weight. Levels of IgA, IgE, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgM antibodies against soluble egg antigen (SEA) were assayed by ELISA before treatment and at 18 and 36 weeks following treatment. Prevalence of infection (as determined by urine egg counts) was 65\% before treatment, all children were confirmed egg negative six weeks after treatment, and reinfection prevalence was 4\% at 18 weeks and 21\% at 36 weeks after treatment. At 18 weeks after treatment, there was a massive increase in IgG1 levels and significant increases in IgE and IgG4 levels and significant decreases in IgA and IgG2 levels. Similar patterns occurred at 36 weeks after treatment. Egg positive children showed a more marked increase in IgG1 and (for older children) a more marked decrease in IgG2 levels. There were no other effects of age or sex. IgA and IgG1 levels fell significantly between 18 and 36 weeks following treatment but not to pretreatment levels. The results show that specific anti-egg antibody responses are highly sensitive to the effects of praziquantel treatment. A possible consequence is that the susceptibility of children to infection with S. haematobium is altered by chemotherapy; this requires further investigation.},
language = {eng},
number = {12},
journal = {Parasite immunology},
author = {Mutapi, F. and Ndhlovu, P. D. and Hagan, P. and Woolhouse, M. E.},
month = dec,
year = {1998},
pmid = {9990644},
keywords = {Adolescent, Age Factors, Antibodies, Helminth/*blood, Child, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood, Male, Ovum/*immunology, Praziquantel/*therapeutic use, Prevalence, Schistosomiasis haematobia/drug therapy/epidemiology/*immunology, Sex Factors, Time Factors},
pages = {595--600}
}Cell-associated viral RNA expression during acute infection with HIV type 1. Riggs, N. L., Little, S. J., Richman, D. D., & Guatelli, J. C. AIDS research and human retroviruses, 14(13):1141–1149, September, 1998.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
The mechanism of decline in viremia following acute infection with HIV is unknown. To characterize this process virologically, the expression of viral RNAs was analyzed in samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a patient who experienced a 100-fold decline in plasma viremia over a 13-day period prior to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Cell-associated viral RNA declined in association with the decline in plasma virus. During the initial 7 days of observation, plasma viremia declined more than 10-fold with no change in the ratio of unspliced to multiply spliced mRNAs. The efficiency of viral gene expression did not decline during the study period and varied from 380 to 2800 unspliced RNA copies per productively infected cell. Together, these data indicate no change in the relative proportion of cells in late- and early-stage gene expression during the initial decline and provide evidence against shortening of the viral replication cycle by immune surveillance. However, the prevalence of productively infected cells declined markedly during the 13 days of observation, from 1 in 250 to 1 in 25,000 PBMCs. These data are compatible with depletion of available target cells during the initial decline in viremia. As the level of plasma virus stabilized after 8 days of observation, the ratio of unspliced to multiply spliced mRNAs rose; this rise was due to a relatively greater decline in multiply spliced mRNA. These data suggest the possible onset of a blockade to new infection events (for example, by neutralizing antibody or chemokines), causing an increase in the relative proportion of cells in late-stage gene expression. They may also be explained, however, by the persistence of cell-associated virions together with the near disappearance of productively infected cells from the circulation.
@article{riggs_cell-associated_1998,
title = {Cell-associated viral {RNA} expression during acute infection with {HIV} type 1},
volume = {14},
issn = {0889-2229},
doi = {10.1089/aid.1998.14.1141},
abstract = {The mechanism of decline in viremia following acute infection with HIV is unknown. To characterize this process virologically, the expression of viral RNAs was analyzed in samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a patient who experienced a 100-fold decline in plasma viremia over a 13-day period prior to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Cell-associated viral RNA declined in association with the decline in plasma virus. During the initial 7 days of observation, plasma viremia declined more than 10-fold with no change in the ratio of unspliced to multiply spliced mRNAs. The efficiency of viral gene expression did not decline during the study period and varied from 380 to 2800 unspliced RNA copies per productively infected cell. Together, these data indicate no change in the relative proportion of cells in late- and early-stage gene expression during the initial decline and provide evidence against shortening of the viral replication cycle by immune surveillance. However, the prevalence of productively infected cells declined markedly during the 13 days of observation, from 1 in 250 to 1 in 25,000 PBMCs. These data are compatible with depletion of available target cells during the initial decline in viremia. As the level of plasma virus stabilized after 8 days of observation, the ratio of unspliced to multiply spliced mRNAs rose; this rise was due to a relatively greater decline in multiply spliced mRNA. These data suggest the possible onset of a blockade to new infection events (for example, by neutralizing antibody or chemokines), causing an increase in the relative proportion of cells in late-stage gene expression. They may also be explained, however, by the persistence of cell-associated virions together with the near disappearance of productively infected cells from the circulation.},
language = {eng},
number = {13},
journal = {AIDS research and human retroviruses},
author = {Riggs, N. L. and Little, S. J. and Richman, D. D. and Guatelli, J. C.},
month = sep,
year = {1998},
pmid = {9737585},
keywords = {Acute Disease, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, RNA Splicing, RNA, Viral, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Time Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Viremia, Virus Replication},
pages = {1141--1149},
}1996 (2)
Analysis of Hox gene expression in the chick limb bud. Nelson, C., E., Morgan, B., a., Burke, a., C., Laufer, E., DiMambro, E., Murtaugh, L., C., Gonzales, E., Tessarollo, L., Parada, L., F., & Tabin, C. Development (Cambridge, England), 122(5):1449-66, 5, 1996.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex The vertebrate Hox genes have been shown to be important for patterning the primary and secondary axes of the developing vertebrate embryo. The function of these genes along the primary axis of the embryo has been generally interpreted in the context of positional specification and homeotic transformation of axial structures. The way in which these genes are expressed and function during the development of the secondary axes, particularly the limb, is less clear. In order to provide a reference for understanding the role of the Hox genes in limb patterning, we isolated clones of 23 Hox genes expressed during limb development, characterized their expression patterns and analyzed their regulation by the signalling centers which pattern the limb. The expression patterns of the Abd-B-related Hoxa and Hoxd genes have previously been partially characterized; however, our study reveals that these genes are expressed in patterns more dynamic and complex than generally appreciated, only transiently approximating simple, concentric, nested domains. Detailed analysis of these patterns suggests that the expression of each of the Hoxa and Hoxd genes is regulated in up to three independent phases. Each of these phases appears to be associated with the specification and patterning of one of the proximodistal segments of the limb (upper arm, lower arm and hand). Interestingly, in the last of these phases, the expression of the Hoxd genes violates the general rule of spatial and temporal colinearity of Hox gene expression with gene order along the chromosome. In contrast to the Abd-B-related Hoxa and Hoxd genes, which are expressed in both the fore and hind limbs, different sets of Hoxc genes are expressed in the two limbs. There is a correlation between the relative position of these genes along the chromosome and the axial level of the limb bud in which they are expressed. The more 3' genes are expressed in the fore limb bud while the 5' genes are expressed in the hind limb bud; intermediate genes are transcribed in both limbs. However, there is no clear correlation between the relative position of the genes along the chromosome and their expression domains within the limb. With the exception of Hoxc-11, which is transcribed in a posterior portion of the hind limb, Hoxc gene expression is restricted to the anterior/proximal portion of the limb bud. Importantly, comparison of the distributions of Hoxc-6 RNA and protein products reveals posttranscriptional regulation of this gene, suggesting that caution must be exercised in interpreting the functional significance of the RNA distribution of any of the vertebrate Hox genes. To understand the genesis of the complex patterns of Hox gene expression in the limb bud, we examined the propagation of Hox gene expression relative to cell proliferation. We find that shifts in Hox gene expression cannot be attributed to passive expansion due to cell proliferation. Rather, phase-specific Hox gene expression patterns appear to result from a context-dependent response of the limb mesoderm to Sonic hedgehog. Sonic hedgehog (the patterning signal from the Zone of Polarizing Activity) is known to be able to activate Hoxd gene expression in the limb. Although we find that Sonic hedgehog is capable of initiating and polarizing Hoxd gene expression during both of the latter two phases of Hox gene expression, the specific patterns induced are not determined by the signal, but depend upon the temporal context of the mesoderm receiving the signal. Misexpression of Sonic hedgehog also reveals that Hoxb-9, which is normally excluded from the posterior mesenchyme of the leg, is negatively regulated by Sonic hedgehog and that Hoxc-11, which is expressed in the posterior portion of the leg, is not affected by Sonic hedgehog and hence is not required to pattern the skeletal elements of the lower leg.
@article{
title = {Analysis of Hox gene expression in the chick limb bud.},
type = {article},
year = {1996},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence,Animals,Base Sequence,Cell Movement,Chick Embryo,Extremities,Extremities: embryology,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental,Gene Library,Genes, Homeobox,Hedgehog Proteins,Immunohistochemistry,In Situ Hybridization,Models, Genetic,Molecular Sequence Data,Morphogenesis,Muscles,Muscles: cytology,Muscles: embryology,Polymerase Chain Reaction,Proteins,Proteins: metabolism,Time Factors,Tissue Distribution,Trans-Activators,Transcription, Genetic},
pages = {1449-66},
volume = {122},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8625833},
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abstract = {The vertebrate Hox genes have been shown to be important for patterning the primary and secondary axes of the developing vertebrate embryo. The function of these genes along the primary axis of the embryo has been generally interpreted in the context of positional specification and homeotic transformation of axial structures. The way in which these genes are expressed and function during the development of the secondary axes, particularly the limb, is less clear. In order to provide a reference for understanding the role of the Hox genes in limb patterning, we isolated clones of 23 Hox genes expressed during limb development, characterized their expression patterns and analyzed their regulation by the signalling centers which pattern the limb. The expression patterns of the Abd-B-related Hoxa and Hoxd genes have previously been partially characterized; however, our study reveals that these genes are expressed in patterns more dynamic and complex than generally appreciated, only transiently approximating simple, concentric, nested domains. Detailed analysis of these patterns suggests that the expression of each of the Hoxa and Hoxd genes is regulated in up to three independent phases. Each of these phases appears to be associated with the specification and patterning of one of the proximodistal segments of the limb (upper arm, lower arm and hand). Interestingly, in the last of these phases, the expression of the Hoxd genes violates the general rule of spatial and temporal colinearity of Hox gene expression with gene order along the chromosome. In contrast to the Abd-B-related Hoxa and Hoxd genes, which are expressed in both the fore and hind limbs, different sets of Hoxc genes are expressed in the two limbs. There is a correlation between the relative position of these genes along the chromosome and the axial level of the limb bud in which they are expressed. The more 3' genes are expressed in the fore limb bud while the 5' genes are expressed in the hind limb bud; intermediate genes are transcribed in both limbs. However, there is no clear correlation between the relative position of the genes along the chromosome and their expression domains within the limb. With the exception of Hoxc-11, which is transcribed in a posterior portion of the hind limb, Hoxc gene expression is restricted to the anterior/proximal portion of the limb bud. Importantly, comparison of the distributions of Hoxc-6 RNA and protein products reveals posttranscriptional regulation of this gene, suggesting that caution must be exercised in interpreting the functional significance of the RNA distribution of any of the vertebrate Hox genes. To understand the genesis of the complex patterns of Hox gene expression in the limb bud, we examined the propagation of Hox gene expression relative to cell proliferation. We find that shifts in Hox gene expression cannot be attributed to passive expansion due to cell proliferation. Rather, phase-specific Hox gene expression patterns appear to result from a context-dependent response of the limb mesoderm to Sonic hedgehog. Sonic hedgehog (the patterning signal from the Zone of Polarizing Activity) is known to be able to activate Hoxd gene expression in the limb. Although we find that Sonic hedgehog is capable of initiating and polarizing Hoxd gene expression during both of the latter two phases of Hox gene expression, the specific patterns induced are not determined by the signal, but depend upon the temporal context of the mesoderm receiving the signal. Misexpression of Sonic hedgehog also reveals that Hoxb-9, which is normally excluded from the posterior mesenchyme of the leg, is negatively regulated by Sonic hedgehog and that Hoxc-11, which is expressed in the posterior portion of the leg, is not affected by Sonic hedgehog and hence is not required to pattern the skeletal elements of the lower leg.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Nelson, C E and Morgan, B a and Burke, a C and Laufer, E and DiMambro, E and Murtaugh, L C and Gonzales, E and Tessarollo, L and Parada, L F and Tabin, C},
journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
number = {5}
}Emergency medical vehicle collisions in an urban system. Biggers, W. A., Zachariah, B. S., & Pepe, P. E. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 11(3):195--201, September, 1996.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
INTRODUCTION: Emergency medical services collisions (EMVCs) are a largely unexplored area of emergency medical services (EMS) research. Factors that might contribute to an EMVC are numerous and include use of warning lights and siren (WL&S). Few of these factors have been evaluated scientifically. Similarly, the incidence and severity of EMVCs is poorly documented in the literature. This study sought to define the incidence and severity of, and where possible, identify any contributing factors to EMVCs in a large urban system. METHODS: Retrospective study of all collisions involving vehicles assigned to the EMS Division of the Houston Fire Department in calendar year 1993. Fifty-one ambulances were operational 24 hours per day during calendar year 1993. Houston EMS received 150,000 requests for assistance, made 180,000 vehicular responses, and accrued 2,651,760 miles in 1993. RESULTS: Eighty-six EMVCs were identified during the study period. The gross incidence rate was therefore 3.2 EMVC/100,000 miles driven or 4.8 collisions/10,000 responses. Of the 86 EMVCs, 74 (86%) files were complete and available for evaluation. Major collisions, determined according to injuries or vehicular damage, accounted for 10.8% of all EMVCs. There were 17 persons transported to hospitals from EMS collisions, yielding an injury incidence of 0.64 injuries/100,000 miles driven or 0.94 injuries/10,000 responses. There were no fatalities. The majority of collisions (85.1%) occurred at some site other than an intersection. There was no statistical association between occurrence at an intersection and severity, day versus night, weekend versus weekday, presence or absence of precipitation, or use of WL & S versus severity of collision. Drivers with a history of previous EMVCs were involved in 33% of all collisions. The presence of prior EMVCs was associated (p \textless 0.001) with the number of persons transported from the collision to a local hospital. Five drivers, all with previous EMVCs, accounted for 88.2% (15/17) of all injuries. CONCLUSIONS: A few drivers with previous EMVCs account for a disproportionate number of EMVCs and nearly 90% of all injuries. This risk factor--history of previous EMVC--has not been reported in the EMS literature. It is postulated that this factor ultimately will prove to be the major determinant of EMVCs. Data collection of EMS collisions needs to be standardized and a proposed collection tool is provided.
@article{biggers_emergency_1996,
title = {Emergency medical vehicle collisions in an urban system},
volume = {11},
issn = {1049-023X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Emergency medical services collisions (EMVCs) are a largely unexplored area of emergency medical services (EMS) research. Factors that might contribute to an EMVC are numerous and include use of warning lights and siren (WL\&S). Few of these factors have been evaluated scientifically. Similarly, the incidence and severity of EMVCs is poorly documented in the literature. This study sought to define the incidence and severity of, and where possible, identify any contributing factors to EMVCs in a large urban system.
METHODS: Retrospective study of all collisions involving vehicles assigned to the EMS Division of the Houston Fire Department in calendar year 1993. Fifty-one ambulances were operational 24 hours per day during calendar year 1993. Houston EMS received 150,000 requests for assistance, made 180,000 vehicular responses, and accrued 2,651,760 miles in 1993.
RESULTS: Eighty-six EMVCs were identified during the study period. The gross incidence rate was therefore 3.2 EMVC/100,000 miles driven or 4.8 collisions/10,000 responses. Of the 86 EMVCs, 74 (86\%) files were complete and available for evaluation. Major collisions, determined according to injuries or vehicular damage, accounted for 10.8\% of all EMVCs. There were 17 persons transported to hospitals from EMS collisions, yielding an injury incidence of 0.64 injuries/100,000 miles driven or 0.94 injuries/10,000 responses. There were no fatalities. The majority of collisions (85.1\%) occurred at some site other than an intersection. There was no statistical association between occurrence at an intersection and severity, day versus night, weekend versus weekday, presence or absence of precipitation, or use of WL \& S versus severity of collision. Drivers with a history of previous EMVCs were involved in 33\% of all collisions. The presence of prior EMVCs was associated (p {\textless} 0.001) with the number of persons transported from the collision to a local hospital. Five drivers, all with previous EMVCs, accounted for 88.2\% (15/17) of all injuries.
CONCLUSIONS: A few drivers with previous EMVCs account for a disproportionate number of EMVCs and nearly 90\% of all injuries. This risk factor--history of previous EMVC--has not been reported in the EMS literature. It is postulated that this factor ultimately will prove to be the major determinant of EMVCs. Data collection of EMS collisions needs to be standardized and a proposed collection tool is provided.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Prehospital and Disaster Medicine},
author = {Biggers, W. A. and Zachariah, B. S. and Pepe, P. E.},
month = sep,
year = {1996},
pmid = {10163382},
keywords = {Accidents, Traffic, Ambulances, Automobile Driving, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Safety, Texas, Time Factors, Urban Health},
pages = {195--201}
}1994 (1)
A model for the neuronal implementation of selective visual attention based on temporal correlation among neurons. Niebur, E & Koch, C J Comput Neurosci, 1(1-2):141–158, 1994. Place: UNITED STATES ISBN: 0929-5313
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
We propose a model for the neuronal implementation of selective visual attention based on temporal correlation among groups of neurons. Neurons in primary visual cortex respond to visual stimuli with a Poisson distributed spike train with an appropriate, stimulus-dependent mean firing rate. The spike trains of neurons whose receptive fields do not overlap with the "focus of attention" are distributed according to homogeneous (time-independent) Poisson process with no correlation between action potentials of different neurons. In contrast, spike trains of neurons with receptive fields within the focus of attention are distributed according to non-homogeneous (time-dependent) Poisson processes. Since the short-term average spike rates of all neurons with receptive fields in the focus of attention covary, correlations between these spike trains are introduced which are detected by inhibitory interneurons in V4. These cells, modeled as modified integrate-and-fire neurons, function as coincidence detectors and suppress the response of V4 cells associated with non-attended visual stimuli. The model reproduces quantitatively experimental data obtained in cortical area V4 of monkey by Moran and Desimone (1985).
@article{niebur_model_1994,
title = {A model for the neuronal implementation of selective visual attention based on temporal correlation among neurons.},
volume = {1},
abstract = {We propose a model for the neuronal implementation of selective visual attention based on temporal correlation among groups of neurons. Neurons in primary visual cortex respond to visual stimuli with a Poisson distributed spike train with an appropriate, stimulus-dependent mean firing rate. The spike trains of neurons whose receptive fields do not overlap with the "focus of attention" are distributed according to homogeneous (time-independent) Poisson process with no correlation between action potentials of different neurons. In contrast, spike trains of neurons with receptive fields within the focus of attention are distributed according to non-homogeneous (time-dependent) Poisson processes. Since the short-term average spike rates of all neurons with receptive fields in the focus of attention covary, correlations between these spike trains are introduced which are detected by inhibitory interneurons in V4. These cells, modeled as modified integrate-and-fire neurons, function as coincidence detectors and suppress the response of V4 cells associated with non-attended visual stimuli. The model reproduces quantitatively experimental data obtained in cortical area V4 of monkey by Moran and Desimone (1985).},
language = {eng},
number = {1-2},
journal = {J Comput Neurosci},
author = {Niebur, E and Koch, C},
year = {1994},
pmid = {8792229},
note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0929-5313},
keywords = {Animals, Macaca, Membrane Potentials, Neural Networks (Computer), Time Factors, Visual Pathways, research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s.},
pages = {141--158},
}1992 (1)
Microstimulation in visual area MT: effects on direction discrimination performance. Salzman, C., Murasugi, C., Britten, K., & Newsome, W. 12(6):2331-2355, 1992.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Physiological and behavioral evidence suggests that the activity of direction selective neurons in visual cortex underlies the perception of moving visual stimuli. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the effects of cortical microstimulation on perceptual judgements of motion direction. To accomplish this, rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate the direction of motion in a near-threshold, stochastic motion display. For each experiment, we positioned a microelectrode in the middle of a cluster of neurons that shared a common preferred direction of motion. The psychophysical task was then adjusted so that the visual display was presented directly over the neurons' receptive field. The monkeys were required to discriminate between motion shown either in the direction preferred by the neurons or in the opposite direction. On half the trials of an experiment, we applied electrical microstimulation while monkeys viewed the motion display. We hypothesized that enhancing the neurons' discharge rate would introduce a directionally specific signal into the cortex and thereby influence the monkeys' choices on the discrimination task. We compared the monkeys' performance on "stimulated" and "nonstimulated" trials in 139 experiments; all trials within an experiment were presented in random order. Statistically significant effects of microstimulation were obtained in 89 experiments. In 86 of the 89 experiments with significant effects (97%), the monkeys indicated that motion was in the neurons' preferred direction more frequently on stimulated trials than on nonstimulated trials. The data demonstrate a functional link between the activity of direction selective neurons and perceptual judgements of motion direction.
@article{
title = {Microstimulation in visual area MT: effects on direction discrimination performance},
type = {article},
year = {1992},
keywords = {Animals,Behavior, Animal/physiology,Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology,Electric Stimulation/methods,Eye Movements,Macaca mulatta,Motion Perception/physiology,Probability,Psychophysics/methods,Time Factors,Visual Cortex/physiology},
pages = {2331-2355},
volume = {12},
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last_modified = {2017-09-01T15:54:24.990Z},
read = {false},
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confirmed = {false},
hidden = {false},
language = {eng},
abstract = {Physiological and behavioral evidence suggests that the activity of direction selective neurons in visual cortex underlies the perception of moving visual stimuli. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the effects of cortical microstimulation on perceptual judgements of motion direction. To accomplish this, rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate the direction of motion in a near-threshold, stochastic motion display. For each experiment, we positioned a microelectrode in the middle of a cluster of neurons that shared a common preferred direction of motion. The psychophysical task was then adjusted so that the visual display was presented directly over the neurons' receptive field. The monkeys were required to discriminate between motion shown either in the direction preferred by the neurons or in the opposite direction. On half the trials of an experiment, we applied electrical microstimulation while monkeys viewed the motion display. We hypothesized that enhancing the neurons' discharge rate would introduce a directionally specific signal into the cortex and thereby influence the monkeys' choices on the discrimination task. We compared the monkeys' performance on "stimulated" and "nonstimulated" trials in 139 experiments; all trials within an experiment were presented in random order. Statistically significant effects of microstimulation were obtained in 89 experiments. In 86 of the 89 experiments with significant effects (97%), the monkeys indicated that motion was in the neurons' preferred direction more frequently on stimulated trials than on nonstimulated trials. The data demonstrate a functional link between the activity of direction selective neurons and perceptual judgements of motion direction.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Salzman, C. and Murasugi, C. and Britten, K. and Newsome, W.},
number = {6}
}1990 (1)
A circuit for detection of interaural time differences in the brain stem of the barn owl. Carr, C. & Konishi, M. 10(10):3227-3246, 1990.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Detection of interaural time differences underlies azimuthal sound localization in the barn owl Tyto alba. Axons of the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis, and their targets in the binaural nucleus laminaris, form the circuit responsible for encoding these interaural time differences. The nucleus laminaris receives bilateral inputs from the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis such that axons from the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus enter the nucleus laminaris dorsally, while contralateral axons enter from the ventral side. This interdigitating projection to the nucleus laminaris is tonotopic, and the afferents are both sharply tuned and matched in frequency to the neighboring afferents. Recordings of phase-locked spikes in the afferents show an orderly change in the arrival time of the spikes as a function of distance from the point of their entry into the nucleus laminaris. The same range of conduction time (160 mu sec) was found over the 700-mu m depth of the nucleus laminaris for all frequencies examined (4-7.5 kHz) and corresponds to the range of interaural time differences available to the barn owl. The estimated conduction velocity in the axons is low (3-5 m/sec) and may be regulated by short internodal distances (60 mu m) within the nucleus laminaris. Neurons of the nucleus laminaris have large somata and very short dendrites. These cells are frequency selective and phase-lock to both monaural and binaural stimuli. The arrival time of phase-locked spikes in many of these neurons differs between the ipsilateral and contralateral inputs. When this disparity is nullified by imposition of an appropriate interaural time difference, the neurons respond maximally. The number of spikes elicited in response to a favorable interaural time difference is roughly double that elicited by a monaural stimulus. Spike counts for unfavorable interaural time differences fall well below monaural response levels. These findings indicate that the magnocellular afferents work as delay lines, and the laminaris neurons work as co-incidence detectors. The orderly distribution of conduction times, the predictability of favorable interaural time differences from monaural phase responses, and the pattern of the anatomical projection from the nucleus laminaris to the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus suggest that interaural time differences and their phase equivalents are mapped in each frequency band along the dorsoventral axis of the nucleus laminaris.
@article{
title = {A circuit for detection of interaural time differences in the brain stem of the barn owl},
type = {article},
year = {1990},
keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation,Action Potentials,Afferent Pathways/anatomy & histology/physiology,Animals,Auditory Perception/physiology,Axons/physiology,Birds/physiology,Brain Stem/anatomy & histology/physiology,Electric Conductivity,Neurons/physiology/ultrastructure,Sound Localization/physiology,Time Factors},
pages = {3227-3246},
volume = {10},
id = {0bb6d734-55d8-3561-8230-b80648a0c01b},
created = {2017-09-01T15:54:24.372Z},
file_attached = {true},
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last_modified = {2017-09-01T15:54:24.470Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {false},
hidden = {false},
language = {eng},
abstract = {Detection of interaural time differences underlies azimuthal sound localization in the barn owl Tyto alba. Axons of the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis, and their targets in the binaural nucleus laminaris, form the circuit responsible for encoding these interaural time differences. The nucleus laminaris receives bilateral inputs from the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis such that axons from the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus enter the nucleus laminaris dorsally, while contralateral axons enter from the ventral side. This interdigitating projection to the nucleus laminaris is tonotopic, and the afferents are both sharply tuned and matched in frequency to the neighboring afferents. Recordings of phase-locked spikes in the afferents show an orderly change in the arrival time of the spikes as a function of distance from the point of their entry into the nucleus laminaris. The same range of conduction time (160 mu sec) was found over the 700-mu m depth of the nucleus laminaris for all frequencies examined (4-7.5 kHz) and corresponds to the range of interaural time differences available to the barn owl. The estimated conduction velocity in the axons is low (3-5 m/sec) and may be regulated by short internodal distances (60 mu m) within the nucleus laminaris. Neurons of the nucleus laminaris have large somata and very short dendrites. These cells are frequency selective and phase-lock to both monaural and binaural stimuli. The arrival time of phase-locked spikes in many of these neurons differs between the ipsilateral and contralateral inputs. When this disparity is nullified by imposition of an appropriate interaural time difference, the neurons respond maximally. The number of spikes elicited in response to a favorable interaural time difference is roughly double that elicited by a monaural stimulus. Spike counts for unfavorable interaural time differences fall well below monaural response levels. These findings indicate that the magnocellular afferents work as delay lines, and the laminaris neurons work as co-incidence detectors. The orderly distribution of conduction times, the predictability of favorable interaural time differences from monaural phase responses, and the pattern of the anatomical projection from the nucleus laminaris to the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus suggest that interaural time differences and their phase equivalents are mapped in each frequency band along the dorsoventral axis of the nucleus laminaris.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Carr, C. and Konishi, M.},
number = {10}
}1989 (3)
Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital. Moore, M. L. & Bailey, R. R. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 102(878):557–558, October, 1989.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
A survey of all laboratory blood specimens with a plasma potassium concentration greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/L was conducted over a three month period. Of 331 specimens with hyperkalaemia, 71 were excluded because the specimens was haemolysed, old or contaminated. The laboratory served a population of 348,561 and during this time measured the plasma potassium on 25,016 occasions. Sixty-six outpatients and 20 neonates were not evaluated. The survey was undertaken on 86 of 102 inpatients (46 males), 48 of whom were over 66 years of age. Fifty-seven patients were admitted under a medical service and 29 under a surgical service. Fifty-nine had a single episode of hyperkalaemia. Thirty-two underwent a surgical procedure. The commonest contributing factor was impaired renal function which was present in 71 (83%) patients. Although a definitive causative role for drugs could be identified in only five patients, in 52 (60%) patients drugs were a contributing factor (potassium supplements 24, ACE inhibitors 16, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 12). Thirty-five of the 86 (41%) patients died during their hospital admission. Nineteen of the 35 deaths occurred within three days of the hyperkalaemia being recorded. A normal plasma potassium was eventually documented in 50 of the 86 patients. Of the remaining 36 patients, 25 (69%) subsequently died. In general the treatment of patients with hyperkalaemia focused on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Hyperkalaemia must always be considered seriously and regard given to the overall clinical status of the patient, with particular attention to drug therapy, renal and cardiac function, acid base status and the possibility of sepsis.
@article{moore_hyperkalaemia_1989,
title = {Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital},
volume = {102},
issn = {0028-8446},
abstract = {A survey of all laboratory blood specimens with a plasma potassium concentration greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/L was conducted over a three month period. Of 331 specimens with hyperkalaemia, 71 were excluded because the specimens was haemolysed, old or contaminated. The laboratory served a population of 348,561 and during this time measured the plasma potassium on 25,016 occasions. Sixty-six outpatients and 20 neonates were not evaluated. The survey was undertaken on 86 of 102 inpatients (46 males), 48 of whom were over 66 years of age. Fifty-seven patients were admitted under a medical service and 29 under a surgical service. Fifty-nine had a single episode of hyperkalaemia. Thirty-two underwent a surgical procedure. The commonest contributing factor was impaired renal function which was present in 71 (83\%) patients. Although a definitive causative role for drugs could be identified in only five patients, in 52 (60\%) patients drugs were a contributing factor (potassium supplements 24, ACE inhibitors 16, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 12). Thirty-five of the 86 (41\%) patients died during their hospital admission. Nineteen of the 35 deaths occurred within three days of the hyperkalaemia being recorded. A normal plasma potassium was eventually documented in 50 of the 86 patients. Of the remaining 36 patients, 25 (69\%) subsequently died. In general the treatment of patients with hyperkalaemia focused on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Hyperkalaemia must always be considered seriously and regard given to the overall clinical status of the patient, with particular attention to drug therapy, renal and cardiac function, acid base status and the possibility of sepsis.},
language = {eng},
number = {878},
journal = {The New Zealand Medical Journal},
author = {Moore, M. L. and Bailey, R. R.},
month = oct,
year = {1989},
pmid = {2812582},
keywords = {Adolescent, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Hyperkalemia, Infant, Male, Medical Audit, Middle Aged, New Zealand, Retrospective Studies, Sampling Studies, Time Factors},
pages = {557--558}
}Contribution of linear spatiotemporal receptive field structure to velocity selectivity of simple cells in area 17 of cat. McLean, J & Palmer, L. Vision Res, 29(6):675-9, 1989.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
We have examined the spatiotemporal structure of simple receptive fields in the cat's striate cortex by cross-correlating their spike trains with an ensemble of stimuli consisting of stationary bright and dark spots whose position was randomized on each 50 msec frame. Receptive fields were found to be either separable or inseparable in space-time and responses to moving stimuli were predicted from the spatiotemporal structure of the cell under study. Most simple cells with separable spatiotemporal receptive fields were not direction selective. All simple cells with inseparable spatiotemporal receptive fields were found to prefer movement in one direction. The optimal speed and direction were estimable from the slope of individual subregions observed in the space-time plane. The results are consistent with a linear model for direction selectivity.
@Article{McLean1989,
author = {J McLean and LA Palmer},
journal = {Vision Res},
title = {Contribution of linear spatiotemporal receptive field structure to velocity selectivity of simple cells in area 17 of cat.},
year = {1989},
number = {6},
pages = {675-9},
volume = {29},
abstract = {We have examined the spatiotemporal structure of simple receptive
fields in the cat's striate cortex by cross-correlating their spike
trains with an ensemble of stimuli consisting of stationary bright
and dark spots whose position was randomized on each 50 msec frame.
Receptive fields were found to be either separable or inseparable
in space-time and responses to moving stimuli were predicted from
the spatiotemporal structure of the cell under study. Most simple
cells with separable spatiotemporal receptive fields were not direction
selective. All simple cells with inseparable spatiotemporal receptive
fields were found to prefer movement in one direction. The optimal
speed and direction were estimable from the slope of individual subregions
observed in the space-time plane. The results are consistent with
a linear model for direction selectivity.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, 2626824},
}Computerized electrocardiographic interpretation: an analysis of clinical utility in 5110 electrocardiograms. Thomson, A, Mitchell, S, & Harris, P J The Medical journal of Australia, 151(8):428–430, October, 1989.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
This study describes the initial experience with a computerized electrocardiographic interpretation system in a teaching hospital. The sensitivity and specificity of the 13,375 diagnostic statements that were used to describe the first 5110 electrocardiograms were analysed to determine the predictive accuracy of computerized electrocardiographic interpretation. Reviewing cardiologists inserted 1320 statements, deleted 1792 statements and modified 484 computerized statements. The over-all sensitivity and specificity (and standard error [SE]) of computerized diagnosis was 90.1% +/- 0.3% and 89.6% +/- 0.2%, respectively, with an over-all positive predictive accuracy (+/- SE) of 87.1% +/- 0.3% and a negative predictive accuracy (+/- SE) of 92.2% +/- 0.2%. Sensitivity and specificity were lowest for the category of ST-T wave changes (83.1% +/- 0.8% and 84.1% +/- 0.7%, respectively) and were highest for the category of sinus rhythm (96.6% +/- 0.3% and 97.0% +/- 0.6%, respectively). The positive predictive accuracy of computerized diagnosis was lowest for the category of hypertrophies (74.2% +/- 1.0%) and was highest for the category of sinus rhythm (99.5% +/- 0.1%), while for the category of myocardial infarctions it was 87.6% +/- 0.8%. The negative predictive accuracy ranged from 96.7% +/- 0.3% for the category of hypertrophies to 81.8% +/- 1.3% for the category of sinus rhythm. We conclude that the computerized analysis of electrocardiograms has a satisfactory predictive accuracy when used in an environment with a high prevalence of abnormalities. Electrocardiograms that are classified as normal by computerized analysis may not require checking; however, all electrocardiograms with abnormalities should be interpreted by a competent electrocardiographer.
@article{thomson_computerized_1989,
title = {Computerized electrocardiographic interpretation: an analysis of clinical utility in 5110 electrocardiograms},
volume = {151},
issn = {0025-729X},
shorttitle = {Computerized electrocardiographic interpretation},
abstract = {This study describes the initial experience with a computerized electrocardiographic interpretation system in a teaching hospital. The sensitivity and specificity of the 13,375 diagnostic statements that were used to describe the first 5110 electrocardiograms were analysed to determine the predictive accuracy of computerized electrocardiographic interpretation. Reviewing cardiologists inserted 1320 statements, deleted 1792 statements and modified 484 computerized statements. The over-all sensitivity and specificity (and standard error [SE]) of computerized diagnosis was 90.1\% +/- 0.3\% and 89.6\% +/- 0.2\%, respectively, with an over-all positive predictive accuracy (+/- SE) of 87.1\% +/- 0.3\% and a negative predictive accuracy (+/- SE) of 92.2\% +/- 0.2\%. Sensitivity and specificity were lowest for the category of ST-T wave changes (83.1\% +/- 0.8\% and 84.1\% +/- 0.7\%, respectively) and were highest for the category of sinus rhythm (96.6\% +/- 0.3\% and 97.0\% +/- 0.6\%, respectively). The positive predictive accuracy of computerized diagnosis was lowest for the category of hypertrophies (74.2\% +/- 1.0\%) and was highest for the category of sinus rhythm (99.5\% +/- 0.1\%), while for the category of myocardial infarctions it was 87.6\% +/- 0.8\%. The negative predictive accuracy ranged from 96.7\% +/- 0.3\% for the category of hypertrophies to 81.8\% +/- 1.3\% for the category of sinus rhythm. We conclude that the computerized analysis of electrocardiograms has a satisfactory predictive accuracy when used in an environment with a high prevalence of abnormalities. Electrocardiograms that are classified as normal by computerized analysis may not require checking; however, all electrocardiograms with abnormalities should be interpreted by a competent electrocardiographer.},
language = {eng},
number = {8},
journal = {The Medical journal of Australia},
author = {Thomson, A and Mitchell, S and Harris, P J},
month = oct,
year = {1989},
pmid = {2593957},
keywords = {Cardiology, Electrocardiography, Evaluation Studies as Topic, False Negative Reactions, Heart Diseases, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Predictive Value of Tests, Time Factors},
pages = {428--430}
}1977 (1)
Clinical pharmacokinetics of lorazepam. II. Intramuscular injection. Greenblatt, D. J., Joyce, T. H., Comer, W. H., Knowles, J. A., Shader, R. I., Kyriakopoulos, A. A., MacLaughlin, D. S., & Ruelius, H. W. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 21(2):222–230, February, 1977.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
A single dose of 4 mg of lorazepam was injected into the deltoid muscles of six healthy male volunteers. Multiple venous blood samples were drawn during 48 hr after the dose and all urine was collected for 24 hr after the dose. Concentrations of lorazepam and its major metabolite, lorazepam glucuronide, were determined by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography. Lorazepam was rapidly absorbed from the injection site, reaching peak concentrations within 3 hr. Mean pharmacokinetic pamrameters for unchanged lorazepam were: apparent absorption half-life: 21.2 min; elimination half-life: 13.6 hr; volume of distribution: 0.9 L/kg; total clearance: 58.2 ml/min. Lorazepam glucuronide rapidly appeared in plasma, reached peak concentrations within 12 hr of the dose, then was eliminated approximately in parallel with the parent drug. Within 24 hr a mean of 47.6% of the dose was recovered in the urine as lorazepam glucuronide and less than 0.5% was recovered as unchanged lorazepam.
@article{greenblatt_clinical_1977,
title = {Clinical pharmacokinetics of lorazepam. {II}. {Intramuscular} injection},
volume = {21},
issn = {0009-9236},
abstract = {A single dose of 4 mg of lorazepam was injected into the deltoid muscles of six healthy male volunteers. Multiple venous blood samples were drawn during 48 hr after the dose and all urine was collected for 24 hr after the dose. Concentrations of lorazepam and its major metabolite, lorazepam glucuronide, were determined by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography. Lorazepam was rapidly absorbed from the injection site, reaching peak concentrations within 3 hr. Mean pharmacokinetic pamrameters for unchanged lorazepam were: apparent absorption half-life: 21.2 min; elimination half-life: 13.6 hr; volume of distribution: 0.9 L/kg; total clearance: 58.2 ml/min. Lorazepam glucuronide rapidly appeared in plasma, reached peak concentrations within 12 hr of the dose, then was eliminated approximately in parallel with the parent drug. Within 24 hr a mean of 47.6\% of the dose was recovered in the urine as lorazepam glucuronide and less than 0.5\% was recovered as unchanged lorazepam.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics},
author = {Greenblatt, D. J. and Joyce, T. H. and Comer, W. H. and Knowles, J. A. and Shader, R. I. and Kyriakopoulos, A. A. and MacLaughlin, D. S. and Ruelius, H. W.},
month = feb,
year = {1977},
pmid = {13960},
keywords = {Adult, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Glucuronates, Half-Life, Humans, Injections, Intramuscular, Kinetics, Lorazepam, Male, Models, Biological, Sleep, Time Factors},
pages = {222--230}
}1976 (2)
Rapid infusion of sodium bicarbonate and albumin into high-risk premature infants soon after birth: a controlled, prospective trial. Bland, R. D., Clarke, T. L., & Harden, L. B. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 124(3):263–267, February, 1976.
doi bibtex
doi bibtex
Factors influencing heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin activity. Mundell, D. H., Anselmo, C. R., & Wishnow, R. M. Infection and Immunity, 14(2):383--388, August, 1976.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex In this study, conditions for production, detection, and storage of heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin (LT) in culture filtrates from E. coli H-10407 were defined by using the adrenal tumor cell assay system. An enriched medium containing 0.6% yeast extract, 2% Casamino Acids, and 0.25% glucose buffered at pH 8.5 produced the highest LT activity of the various test media. In E. coli strain H-10407, LT activity was markedly decreased if the initial pH of the culture media was reduced to pH 7.5 or less. In contrast to E. coli P-263, if strain H-10407 was grown in the presence of mitomycin C there was no increase in LT production. Crude-culture filtrates containing LT can be stored at 4 degrees C for several days without an appreciable loss of activity; however, for long-term storage lyophilization or freezing at -70 degrees C is recommended.
@article{mundell_factors_1976,
title = {Factors influencing heat-labile {Escherichia} coli enterotoxin activity},
volume = {14},
issn = {0019-9567},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC420895/},
abstract = {In this study, conditions for production, detection, and storage of heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin (LT) in culture filtrates from E. coli H-10407 were defined by using the adrenal tumor cell assay system. An enriched medium containing 0.6\% yeast extract, 2\% Casamino Acids, and 0.25\% glucose buffered at pH 8.5 produced the highest LT activity of the various test media. In E. coli strain H-10407, LT activity was markedly decreased if the initial pH of the culture media was reduced to pH 7.5 or less. In contrast to E. coli P-263, if strain H-10407 was grown in the presence of mitomycin C there was no increase in LT production. Crude-culture filtrates containing LT can be stored at 4 degrees C for several days without an appreciable loss of activity; however, for long-term storage lyophilization or freezing at -70 degrees C is recommended.},
language = {ENG},
number = {2},
journal = {Infection and Immunity},
author = {Mundell, D. H. and Anselmo, C. R. and Wishnow, R. M.},
month = aug,
year = {1976},
pmid = {9363},
pmcid = {PMC420895},
keywords = {Culture Media, Enterotoxins, Escherichia coli, Hot Temperature, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Mitomycins, Temperature, Time Factors},
pages = {383--388}
}1975 (2)
Water metabolism in the llama. Rübsamen, K & Engelhardt, W V Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology, 52(4):595--598, December, 1975. 00013 PMID: 1179
bibtex
bibtex
@article{rubsamen_water_1975,
title = {Water metabolism in the llama},
volume = {52},
issn = {0300-9629},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology},
author = {Rübsamen, K and Engelhardt, W V},
month = dec,
year = {1975},
note = {00013 PMID: 1179},
keywords = {Animals, Artiodactyla, Body Water, Body Weight, Camelids, New World, Diet, Female, Goats, Male, Species Specificity, Time Factors, Water, Water Deprivation},
pages = {595--598}
}Fatty acid and carbohydrate storage in the annual reproductive cyclice of Echinaster. Ferguson, J. C. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology, 52(4):585--590, December, 1975.
bibtex
bibtex
@article{ferguson_fatty_1975,
title = {Fatty acid and carbohydrate storage in the annual reproductive cyclice of {Echinaster}},
volume = {52},
issn = {0300-9629},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology},
author = {Ferguson, J. C.},
month = dec,
year = {1975},
pmid = {1177},
keywords = {Animals, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Digestive System, Fatty Acids, Female, Male, Organ Specificity, Ovary, Periodicity, Reproduction, Starfish, Testis, Time Factors},
pages = {585--590}
}undefined (2)
Gamma-band activity reflects multisensory matching in working memory. Senkowski, D., Schneider, T. R., Tandler, F., & Engel, A. K. 198(2):363--372. 00016 PMID: 19458939
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
In real-world situations, the integration of sensory information in working memory (WM) is an important mechanism for the recognition of objects. Studies in single sensory modalities show that object recognition is facilitated if bottom-up inputs match a template held in WM, and that this effect may be linked to enhanced synchronization of neurons in the gamma-band (\textgreater30 Hz). Natural objects, however, frequently provide inputs to multiple sensory modalities. In this EEG study, we examined the integration of semantically matching or non-matching visual and auditory inputs using a delayed visual-to-auditory object-matching paradigm. In the event-related potentials (ERPs) triggered by auditory inputs, effects of semantic matching were observed after 120-170 ms at frontal and posterior regions, indicating WM-specific processing across modalities, and after 250-400 ms over medial-central regions, possibly reflecting the contextual integration of sensory inputs. Additionally, total gamma-band activity (GBA) with medial-central topography after 120-180 ms was larger for matching compared to non-matching trials. This demonstrates that multisensory matching in WM is reflected by GBA and that dynamic coupling of neural populations in this frequency range might be a crucial mechanism for integrative multisensory processes.
@article{ senkowski_gamma-band_2009,
title = {Gamma-band activity reflects multisensory matching in working memory},
volume = {198},
issn = {1432-1106},
doi = {10.1007/s00221-009-1835-0},
abstract = {In real-world situations, the integration of sensory information in working memory ({WM}) is an important mechanism for the recognition of objects. Studies in single sensory modalities show that object recognition is facilitated if bottom-up inputs match a template held in {WM}, and that this effect may be linked to enhanced synchronization of neurons in the gamma-band ({\textgreater}30 Hz). Natural objects, however, frequently provide inputs to multiple sensory modalities. In this {EEG} study, we examined the integration of semantically matching or non-matching visual and auditory inputs using a delayed visual-to-auditory object-matching paradigm. In the event-related potentials ({ERPs}) triggered by auditory inputs, effects of semantic matching were observed after 120-170 ms at frontal and posterior regions, indicating {WM}-specific processing across modalities, and after 250-400 ms over medial-central regions, possibly reflecting the contextual integration of sensory inputs. Additionally, total gamma-band activity ({GBA}) with medial-central topography after 120-180 ms was larger for matching compared to non-matching trials. This demonstrates that multisensory matching in {WM} is reflected by {GBA} and that dynamic coupling of neural populations in this frequency range might be a crucial mechanism for integrative multisensory processes.},
pages = {363--372},
number = {2},
journaltitle = {Experimental Brain Research},
shortjournal = {Exp Brain Res},
author = {Senkowski, Daniel and Schneider, Till R. and Tandler, Frithjof and Engel, Andreas K.},
date = {2009-09},
note = {00016 {PMID}: 19458939},
keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Auditory Perception, brain, Brain mapping, electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Young Adult},
file = {Senkowski et al_2009_Experimental Brain Research_Gamma-band activity reflects multisensory matching in working memory.pdf:files/1296/Senkowski et al_2009_Experimental Brain Research_Gamma-band activity reflects multisensory matching in working memory.pdf:application/pdf}
}Risk factors for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis fifteen to twenty-two years after meniscectomy. Englund, M. & Lohmander, L. S. 50(9):2811--2819.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), extent of meniscal resection, cartilage status, and knee load on the development of radiographically evident osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and knee symptoms after meniscal resection. METHODS: We evaluated 317 patients with no cruciate ligament injury (mean +/- SD age 54 +/- 11 years) who had undergone meniscal resection 15-22 years earlier (followup rate 70%), with radiographic and clinical examination. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score was used to quantify knee-related symptoms. Sixty-eight unoperated subjects identified from national population records were included as a reference group. RESULTS: Symptomatic radiographic OA (corresponding to Kellgren/Lawrence grade \textgreater or =2) was present in 83 of 305 operated knees (27%) and 7 of 68 control knees (10%) (relative risk 2.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.3-6.1). Patients who had undergone total meniscectomy and subjects with obesity (BMI \textgreater or =30) had a greater likelihood of tibiofemoral radiographic OA than those who had undergone partial meniscal resection and those with a BMI \textless25, respectively. Furthermore, degenerative meniscal tear, intraoperative cartilage changes, and lateral meniscectomy were associated with radiographic OA more frequently than were longitudinal tear, absence of cartilage changes, and medial meniscectomy, respectively. Symptomatic tibiofemoral or patellofemoral radiographic OA was associated with obesity, female sex, and degenerative meniscal tear. CONCLUSION: Contributing risk factors for OA development after meniscal resection are similar to risk factors for common knee OA. Systemic factors and local biomechanical factors interact. Obesity, female sex, and preexisting early-stage OA are features associated with poor self-reported and radiographic outcome. Partial meniscal resection is associated with less radiographic OA over time than is total meniscectomy.
@article{englund_risk_2004,
title = {Risk factors for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis fifteen to twenty-two years after meniscectomy},
volume = {50},
issn = {0004-3591},
doi = {10.1002/art.20489},
abstract = {{OBJECTIVE}: To evaluate the influence of age, sex, body mass index ({BMI}), extent of meniscal resection, cartilage status, and knee load on the development of radiographically evident osteoarthritis ({OA}) of the knee and knee symptoms after meniscal resection.
{METHODS}: We evaluated 317 patients with no cruciate ligament injury (mean +/- {SD} age 54 +/- 11 years) who had undergone meniscal resection 15-22 years earlier (followup rate 70\%), with radiographic and clinical examination. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score was used to quantify knee-related symptoms. Sixty-eight unoperated subjects identified from national population records were included as a reference group.
{RESULTS}: Symptomatic radiographic {OA} (corresponding to Kellgren/Lawrence grade {\textgreater} or =2) was present in 83 of 305 operated knees (27\%) and 7 of 68 control knees (10\%) (relative risk 2.6, 95\% confidence interval [95\% {CI}] 1.3-6.1). Patients who had undergone total meniscectomy and subjects with obesity ({BMI} {\textgreater} or =30) had a greater likelihood of tibiofemoral radiographic {OA} than those who had undergone partial meniscal resection and those with a {BMI} {\textless}25, respectively. Furthermore, degenerative meniscal tear, intraoperative cartilage changes, and lateral meniscectomy were associated with radiographic {OA} more frequently than were longitudinal tear, absence of cartilage changes, and medial meniscectomy, respectively. Symptomatic tibiofemoral or patellofemoral radiographic {OA} was associated with obesity, female sex, and degenerative meniscal tear.
{CONCLUSION}: Contributing risk factors for {OA} development after meniscal resection are similar to risk factors for common knee {OA}. Systemic factors and local biomechanical factors interact. Obesity, female sex, and preexisting early-stage {OA} are features associated with poor self-reported and radiographic outcome. Partial meniscal resection is associated with less radiographic {OA} over time than is total meniscectomy.},
pages = {2811--2819},
number = {9},
journaltitle = {Arthritis and Rheumatism},
shortjournal = {Arthritis Rheum.},
author = {Englund, M. and Lohmander, L. S.},
date = {2004-09},
pmid = {15457449},
keywords = {Aged, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Male, Menisci, Tibial, Middle Aged, Obesity, Orthopedic Procedures, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors}
}